 | Leaders of Afghanistan (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) |
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Political milestones: Kingdom of Afghanistan (9 Jun 1926) / Republic of Afghanistan (17 Jul 1973) / Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (30 Apr 1978) / Republic of Afghanistan (30 Nov 1987) / Islamic State of Afghanistan (28 Apr 1992) / Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (26 Oct 1997) / Islamic State of Afghanistan (13 Nov 2001) / Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (19 Jun 2002) / Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (26 Jan 2004) / Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (19 Aug/7 Sep 2021)
Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
 Heads of State
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Kings Amanullah Khan 9 Jun 1926 - 14 Jan 1929 (1960) Inayatullah Shah 14 Jan 1929 - 17 Jan 1929 (1946) Habibullah Kalakani 17 Jan 1929 - 13 Oct 1929 (1929) Mohammad Nadir Shah 17 Oct 1929 - 8 Nov 1933 (1933) Mohammad Zahir Shah 8 Nov 1933 - 17 Jul 1973 (2007) President of the Republic Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan 17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 (1978) n/p, HIM Revolutionary Council of the Armed Forces Abdul Qadir (chairman) 27 Apr 1978 - 30 Apr 1978 (2014) military Presidents of the Republic/Chairmen of the Revolutionary Council Nur Mohammad Taraki 30 Apr 1978 - 16 Sep 1979 (1979) HDKA-Khalq Hafizullah Amin 16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 (1979) HDKA-Khalq Babrak Karmal 27 Dec 1979 - 20 Nov 1986 (1996) DKA-Parcham, HDKA Mohammad Chamkani 20 Nov 1986 - 30 Sep 1987 (2012) HDKA Mohammad Najibullah 30 Sep 1987 - 30 Nov 1987 (1996) HDKA Presidents of the Republic Mohammad Najibullah 30 Nov 1987 - 16 Apr 1992 (1996) HDKA, HW Abdul Rahim Hatef 16 Apr 1992 - 28 Apr 1992 (2013) HW (acting) Chairman of the Jihad Council Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 28 Apr 1992 - 28 Jun 1992 (2019) JNMA (interim) President of the Islamic State Burhanuddin Rabbani 28 Jun 1992 - 26 Sep 1996 (2011) JIA (1) Heads of the Supreme Council Mohammad Rabbani 27 Sep 1996 - 16 Apr 2001 (2001) Taliban (2) Abdul Kabir 16 Apr 2001 - 13 Nov 2021 Taliban (acting) (2) President of the Islamic State Burhanuddin Rabbani 17 Nov 2001 - 22 Dec 2001 (2011) JIA/UINFSA (1) Chairman of the Interim Administration Hamid Karzai 22 Dec 2001 - 19 Jun 2002 n/p Head of State for the Transitional Administration Hamid Karzai 19 Jun 2002 - 7 Dec 2004 n/p Presidents of the Islamic Republic Hamid Karzai 7 Dec 2004 - 29 Sep 2014 n/p Ashraf Ghani 29 Sep 2014 - 15 Aug 2021 n/p (3) Abdullah Abdullah 9 Mar 2020 - 17 May 2020 EM (self-proclaimed, in opposition to Ashraf Ghani) Amrullah Saleh 17 Aug 2021 - 6 Sep 2021 RSA (self-proclaimed, in rebellion against the Taliban regime) (3) Heads of Interim Government Mohammad Hassan Akhund 7 Sep 2021 - Taliban (acting) (4) Abdul Kabir 17 May 2023 - 17 Jul 2023 Taliban (acting for Mohammad Hassan Akhund) |
(1) After conquest of Kabul by the Taliban on 26 Sep 1996, the Government of president Burhanuddin Rabbani, a leader of the Northern Alliance and head of the Jamiat-e-Islami faction, controlled a reduced northern territory in rebellion and retained diplomatic recognition from a majority of countries, as well as the UN seat. On 13 Nov 2001 the UINFSA, or Northern Alliance, reconquered Kabul, the Taliban fled southward and Rabbani returned to the capital on 17 Nov, claiming to be the provisional president and pending the formation of a post-taliban, broad-based and multiethnic Government. That executive was inaugurated on 22 Dec 2001.
(2) The paramount ruler of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, proclaimed on 26 Oct 1997, was the spiritual and political leader of the Taliban movement, Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund, self-styled Amir ul-Momenin (Commander of the Faithful) since 4 Apr 1996. The Supreme Council or Shura was first established in Kandahar in 1994 by ten Taliban mullah and chaired by Mullah Mohammad Rabbani. Following the conquest of Kabul in 1996, a local shura was established, performing the functions of a provisional Government. Nevertheless, the power scheme of the Taliban regime remained unclear. No head of State or Government was designated when Mullah Rabbani passed away on 16 Apr 2001, but Mawlawi Abdul Kabir headed the Supreme Council in acting capacity. The Taliban were driven out from Kabul by the Northern Alliance on 13 Nov 2001.
(3) President Ghani fled Afghanistan on 15 Aug 2021 when the Taliban conquered Kabul. Vice President Amrullah Saleh proclaimed himself acting president of the Islamic Republic from Panjshir, the only province not captured by the Taliban at the moment. On 6 Sep The Panjshir resistance was defeated and Saleh fled Afghanistan.
(4) Interim Prime Minister acting also as head of State. The Paramount ruler of the second Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (declared on 19 Aug 2021 and officially proclaimed on 7 Sep 2021; Kabul conquered on 15 Aug 2021) is the third Emir of the movement, Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada.
Nur Mohammad Taraki 30 Apr 1978 16 Sep 1979 (1979) Hafizullah Amin 16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 (1979) Babrak Karmal 27 Dec 1979 - 4 May 1986 (1996) Mohammad Najibullah 4 May 1986 - 16 Apr 1992 (1996)
Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund Sep 1996 - 23 Apr 2013 (2013) Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour 29 Jul 2015 21 May 2016 (2016) Mullah Hibatullah Akhundzada 25 May 2016 -
| Heads of Government
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Prime Ministers Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan 14 Nov 1929 - May 1946 (1953) n/p Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan May 1946 - 7 Sep 1953 (1959) Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan 7 Sep 1953 - 10 Mar 1963 (1978) n/p Mohammad Yusuf Khan 10 Mar 1963 - 2 Nov 1965 (1998) n/p Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal 2 Nov 1965 - 11 Oct 1967 (1973) n/p Abdullah Yaqta 11 Oct 1967 - 1 Nov 1967 (2003) n/p (interim) Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi 1 Nov 1967 - 9 Jun 1971 (1979) n/p Sharifi Abdul Zahir 9 Jun 1971 - 12 Dec 1972 (1982) n/p Mohammad Musa Shafiq 12 Dec 1972 - 17 Jul 1973 (1979) n/p Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan 17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 (1978) n/p, HIM Nur Mohammad Taraki 1 May 1978 - 27 Mar 1979 (1979) HDKA-Khalq Hafizullah Amin 27 Mar 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 (19799 HDKA-Khalq Babrak Karmal 27 Dec 1979 - 11 Jun 1981 (1996) HDKA-Parcham Sultan Ali Keshtmand 11 Jun 1981 - 26 May 1988 HDKA Mohammad Hasan Sharq 26 May 1988 - 21 Feb 1989 HDKA Sultan Ali Keshtmand 21 Feb 1989 - 8 May 1990 HDKA Fazal Haq Khaliqyar 8 May 1990 - 15 Apr 1992 (2004) HW Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani 6 Jul 1992 - 15 Aug 1992 (2007) HIA Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 17 Jun 1993 - 28 Jun 1994 HIA Arsala Rahmani Daulat Nov 1994 - 1995 (2012) (acting) Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai 1995 - 26 Jun 1996 (2021) TDIA (acting) Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 26 Jun 1996 - 11 Aug 1997 HIA (in rebellion from 26 Sep 1996) Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 11 Aug 1997 - 21 Aug 1997 (1997) UINFSA (in rebellion) Mohammad Ali Jawid 21 Aug 1997 - 30 Sep 1997 UINFSA (acting, in rebelion) Head of the Supreme Council Mohammad Rabbani 27 Sep 1996 - 16 Apr 2001 (2001) Taliban Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah 29 Sep 2014 - 9 Mar 2020 EM Heads of Interim Government Mohammad Hassan Akhund 7 Sep 2021 - Taliban (interim) Abdul Kabir 17 May 2023 - 17 Jul 2023 Taliban (acting for Mohammad Hassan Akhund) |
| Vice Presidents
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Abdul Qadir 19 Jun 2002 - 6 Jul 2002 (2002) HIK (transitional) Hedayat Amin Arsala 19 Jun 2002 - 7 Dec 2004 MMIA (transitional) Mohammad Fahim 19 Jun 2002 - 7 Dec 2004 (2014) JIA (transitional) Nematullah Shahrani 19 Jun 2002 - 7 Dec 2004 n/p (transitional) Mohammad Karim Khalili 19 Jun 2002 - 7 Dec 2004 HWIA (transitional) Ahmad Zia Massoud (1st) 7 Dec 2004 - 19 Nov 2009 JIA Mohammad Karim Khalili (2nd) 7 Dec 2004 - 29 Sep 2014 HWIA Mohammad Fahim (1st) 19 Nov 2009 - 9 Mar 2014 (2014) JIA Yunus Qanuni (1st) 31 Mar 2014 - 29 Sep 2014 HAN (interim) Abdul Rashid Dostum (1st) 29 Sep 2014 - 19 Feb 2020 JMI Sarwar Danish (2nd) 29 Sep 2014 - 15 Aug 2021 HWIA Amrullah Saleh (1st) 19 Feb 2020 - 15 Aug 2021 RSA |
John Chalmers McColl 10 Jan 2002 - 20 Jun 2002 United Kingdom (ISAF I, British command) Akin Zorlu 20 Jun 2002 - 10 Feb 2003 Turkey (ISAF II, Turkish command) Norbert van Heyst 10 Feb 2003 - 11 Aug 2003 Germany (ISAF III, German-Dutch command) Gφtz Gliemeroth 11 Aug 2003 - 9 Feb 2004 Germany (ISAF IV, NATO command) Rick J. Hillier 9 Feb 2004 - 9 Aug 2004 Canada (ISAF V, NATO command) Jean-Louis Py 9 Aug 2004 - 13 Feb 2005 France (ISAF VI, Eurocorps command) Ethem Erdagi 13 Feb 2005 - 5 Aug 2005 Turkey (ISAF VII, NATO command) Mauro Del Vecchio 5 Aug 2005 - 4 May 2006 Italy (ISAF VIII, NATO command) David J. Richards 4 May 2006 - 4 Feb 2007 United Kingdom (ISAF IX, NATO command) Dan K. McNeill 4 Feb 2007 - 3 Jun 2008 United States (ISAF X and XI, NATO command) David D. McKiernan 3 Jun 2008 - 15 Jun 2009 United States (NATO command) Stanley A. McChrystal 15 Jun 2009 - 23 Jun 2010 United States (NATO command) David H. Petraeus 23 Jun 2010 - 18 Jul 2011 United States (NATO command) John R. Allen 18 Jul 2011 - 10 Feb 2013 United States (NATO command) Joseph F. Dunford 10 Feb 2013 - 26 Aug 2014 United States (NATO command) John F. Campbell 26 Aug 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 United States (NATO command)
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