| Leaders of Estonia (Republic of Estonia) |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
See also the former USSR for data before 1990 as well as a detailed page on Estonian Governments since 1990 to know more about the ruling parties.
Former parties and coalitions:
EKP: Estonian Communist Party - ELDP: Estonian Liberal Democratic Party (1990-1994 > Reformierakond) - EM: Estonian Rural Union (?-2000 > ERL) - EME: Estonian Country People's Party (1994-1999 > ERL) - EMK: Estonian Rural Center Party (1990-1996 > Mõõdukad) - EPPE: Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (?-2000 > ERL) - ERL (Eestimaa Rahvaliit): People's Union of Estonia (1999-2012 > EKRE) - ERSP: Estonian National Independence Party (1988-1995 > Isamaaliit) - ESDP: Estonian Social Democratic Party (1990-1996 > Mõõdukad) - IRL (Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit): Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (2006-2018 > renamed to Isamaa) - Isamaaliit: Pro Patria Union (1995-2006 > IRL) - KMÜ: Coalition Party and Rural Union (five-party coalition, 1995-1999) - Koonderakond: Estonian Coalition Party, a.k.a KMÜ-K when part of late KMÜ (1994-2001) - Liberaalid: Liberals (1994, caucus > Reformierakond) - Mõõdukad: Moderates (1996-2004, renamed to SDE) - Parempool: Rightists (caucus) - Rahvaerakond: Estonian People's Party (1998-1999 > Mõõdukad) - Rahvarinne: Popular Front of Estonia (1989-1992) - ResP: Union for the Republic-Res Publica (2001-2006 > IRL) - RK Isamaa: National Coalition Party Pro Patria (1992-1995 > Isamaaliit) - Talurahvaerakond: Estonian Farmers' Party (1994-1998 > Rahvaerakond)
Current parties:
E200 (Eesti 200): Estonia 200 - EKRE (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond): Conservative People's Party of Estonia (2012) - EVA (Eesti Vabaerakond): Estonian Free Party (2014) - Isamaa: Pro Patria (2018, prev. IRL) - Keskerakond (Eesti Keskerakond): Estonian Centre Party (1995) - Reformierakond (Eesti Reformierakond): Estonian Reform Party (1994) - SDE (Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond): Social Democratic Party (2004, prev. Moderates)
(*) Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet under Soviet rule from 11 Apr 1983 to 29 Mar 1990. Ruler of an independent state since 6 Sep 1991 (declaration of 20 Aug 1991 recognized by USSR on that date).
Prime Ministers
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Edgar Savisaar 3 Apr 1990 - 30 Jan 1992 (†2022) Rahvarinne
Tiit Vähi 30 Jan 1992 - 21 Oct 1992 n/p
Mart Laar 21 Oct 1992 - 8 Nov 1994 RK Isamaa
Andres Tarand 8 Nov 1994 - 17 Apr 1995 n/p
Tiit Vähi 17 Apr 1995 - 17 Mar 1997 KMÜ-K
Mart Siimann 17 Mar 1997 - 25 Mar 1999 KMÜ-K
Mart Laar 25 Mar 1999 - 28 Jan 2002 Isamaaliit
Siim Kallas 28 Jan 2002 - 10 Apr 2003 Reformierakond
Juhan Parts 10 Abr 2003 - 13 Apr 2005 ResP
Andrus Ansip 13 Apr 2005 - 26 Mar 2014 Reformierakond
Taavi Rõivas 26 Mar 2014 - 23 Nov 2016 Reformierakond
Jüri Ratas 23 Nov 2016 - 26 Jan 2021 Keskerakond
Kaja Kallas 26 Jan 2021 - Reformierakond
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Speakers of the Riigikogu
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Ülo Nugis 1992-1995 (†2011) RK Isamaa
Toomas Savi 1995-2003 Reformierakond
Ene Ergma 2003-2006 ResP
Toomas Varek 2006-2007 Keskerakond
Ene Ergma 2007-2014 IRL
Eiki Nestor 2014-2019 SDE
Henn Põlluaas 2019-2021 EKRE
Jüri Ratas 2021-2023 Keskerakond
Lauri Hussar 2023- E200
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Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Lennart Georg Meri 1990-1992 (†2006) Rahvarinne
Jaan Manitski 1992 n/p
Trivimi Velliste 1992-1994 RK Isamaa
Jüri Luik 1994-1995 RK Isamaa
Riivo Sinijärv 1995 KMÜ
Siim Kallas 1995-1996 Reformierakond
Toomas Hendrik Ilves 1996-1998 n/p, Talurahvaerakond, Rahvaerakond
Raul Mälk 1998-1999 n/p
Toomas Hendrik Ilves 1999-2002 Rahvaerakond, Mõõdukad
Kristiina Ojuland 2002-2005 Reformierakond
Jaak Jõerüüt 2005 n/p (acting)
Rein Lang 2005 Reformierakond
Urmas Paet 2005-2014 Reformierakond
Anne Sulling 2014 Reformierakond (acting)
Keit Pentus-Rosimannus 2014-2015 Reformierakond
Jürgen Ligi 2015 Reformierakond (acting)
Marina Kaljurand 2015-2016 n/p
Jürgen Ligi 2016 Reformierakond
Sven Mikser 2016-2019 SDE
Urmas Reinsalu 2019-2021 Isamaa
Eva-Maria Liimets 2021-2022 n/p, Keskerakond
Andres Sutt 2022 Reformierakond (acting)
Urmas Reinsalu 2022-2023 Isamaa
Margus Tsahkna 2023- E200
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Ministers of Defence
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Uno Veering 1992 (interim)
Ülo Uluots 1992 (†1997) Rahvarinne
Hain Rebas 1992-1993 ERSP
Jüri Luik 1993-1994 RK Isamaa
Indrek Kannik 1994 RK Isamaa
Enn Tupp 1994-1995 RK Isamaa
Andrus Öövel 1995-1999 KMÜ
Jüri Luik 1999-2002 Isamaaliit
Sven Mikser 2002-2003 Keskerakond
Margus Hanson 2003-2004 Reformierakond
Jaak Jõerüüt 2004-2005 Reformierakond
Jürgen Ligi 2005-2007 Reformierakond
Jaak Aaviksoo 2007-2011 IRL
Mart Laar 2011-2012 IRL
Urmas Reinsalu 2012-2014 IRL
Sven Mikser 2014-2015 SDE
Hannes Hanso 2015-2016 SDE
Margus Tsahkna 2016-2017 IRL
Jüri Luik 2017-2021 IRL, Isamaa
Kalle Laanet 2021-2022 Reformierakond
Hanno Pevkur 2022- Reformierakond
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Ministers of the Interior
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Olev Laanjärv 1990-1992 (†2007)
Robert Närska 1992 Rahvarinne
Lagle Parek 1992-1993 ERSP
Heiki Arike 1993-1994 n/p
Kaido Kama 1994-1995 Parempool
Edgar Savisaar 1995 (†2022) Keskerakond
Märt Rask 1995-1996 Reformierakond
Riivo Sinijärv 1996-1997 KMÜ
Robert Lepikson 1997-1998 (†2006) KMÜ
Olari Taal 1998-1999 n/p
Jüri Mõis 1999 Isamaaliit
Tarmo Loodus 1999-2002 Isamaaliit
Ain Seppik 2002-2003 Keskerakond
Toomas Varek 2003 Keskerakond
Margus Leivo 2003-2005 ERL
Kalle Laanet 2005-2007 Keskerakond
Jüri Pihl 2007-2009 (†2019) n/p
Rein Lang 2009 Reformierakond (acting)
Marko Pomerants 2009-2011 IRL
Ken-Marti Vaher 2011-2014 IRL
Hanno Pevkur 2014-2016 Reformierakond
Andres Anvelt 2016-2018 SDE
Katri Raik 2018-2019 SDE
Mart Helme 2019-2020 EKRE
Martin Helme 2020 EKRE (acting)
Alar Laneman 2020-2021 EKRE
Kristian Jaani 2021-2022 n/p, Keskerakond
Kalle Laanet 2022 Reformierakond
Lauri Läänemets 2022- SDE
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Ministers of Finance
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Rein Miller 1990-1992 (†2017)
Madis Üürike 1992-1994 n/p
Heiki Kranich 1994 RK Isamaa
Andres Lipstok 1994-1995 Liberaalid, Reformierakond
Mart Opmann 1995-1999 KMÜ
Siim Kallas 1999-2002 Reformierakond
Harri Õunapuu 2002-2003 Keskerakond
Tõnis Palts 2003 ResP
Taavi Veskimägi 2003-2005 ResP
Aivar Sõerd 2005-2007 ERL
Ivari Padar 2007-2009 SDE
Helir-Valdor Seeder 2009 IRL (acting)
Jürgen Ligi 2009-2014 Reformierakond
Maris Lauri 2014-2015 Reformierakond
Sven Sester 2015-2017 IRL
Toomas Tõniste 2017-2019 IRL, Isamaa
Martin Helme 2019-2021 EKRE
Keit Pentus-Rosimannus 2021-2022 Reformierakond
Annely Akkermann 2022-2023 Reformierakond
Mart Võrklaev 2023- Reformierakond
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Chairmen of Keskerakond
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Edgar Savisaar 1995-1996 (†2022)
Andra Veidemann 1995-1996
Edgar Savisaar 1996-2016 (†2022)
Jüri Ratas 2016-
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The Estonian Centre Party (Keskerakond) was registered as a party for the 5 Mar 1995 elections, but functioned as a parliamentary caucus since 1992.
The Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) was established as a party on 14 Nov 1994; since 27 Jun 1994 it had existed as a parliamentary caucus known as the Liberals (Liberaalid). Shortly after its foundation, the ELDP merged into the Reformierakond.
Chairmen of EMK, ESDP, Mõõdukad, SDE
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Chairmen of EMK
Ivar Raig 1990-1994
Vambo Kaal 1994-1996
Chairmen of ESDP
Marju Lauristin 1990-1995
Eiki Nestor 1995-1996
Chairmen of Mõõdukad and SDE
Andres Tarand 1996-2001
Toomas Hendrik Ilves 2001-2002
Ivari Padar 2002-2009
Jüri Pihl 2009-2010 (†2019)
Sven Mikser 2010-2015
Jevgeni Ossinovski 2015-2019
Indrek Saar 2019-2022
Lauri Läänemets 2022-
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The Mõõdukad (Moderates) was registered as a party on 28 Apr 1996 as the merger of EMK (founded 7 Apr 1990) and ESDP (founded 8 Sep 1990). Both parties formed a common list for the 1992 and 1995 elections and up to 1996 they shared a single parliamentary caucus called the Moderates as well. On 27 Nov 1999 the ER merged into the Moderates, coming up a new party called People's Party Moderates. It was renamed Social Democratic Party (SDE) on 7 Feb 2004.
Chairmen of IRL, Isamaa
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Taavi Veskimägi +
Tõnis Lukas 2006-2007
Mart Laar 2007-2012
Urmas Reinsalu 2012-2015
Margus Tsahkna 2015-2017
Helir-Valdor Seeder 2017-
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IRL was founded on 4 Jun 2006 as the merger of Isamaaliit and ResP. The party changed its name to Pro Patria (Isamaa) on 2 Jun 2018.
Chairmen of EME, ERL, EKRE
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Arnold Rüütel 1994-2000
Villu Reiljan 2000-2007
Ester Tuiksoo 2007 (acting)
Jaanus Marrandi 2007-2008
Karel Rüütli 2008-2010
Arvo Sirendi 2010 (acting)
Juhan Aare 2010
Andrus Blok 2010-2011
Margo Miljand 2011-2013
Mart Helme 2013-2020
Martin Helme 2020-
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EME was founded in 1994 from a rural parliamentary caucus existing since 1992. Member of the five-party KMÜ coalition (see above) before the 1999 elections, on 18 Oct 1999 it changed its name to ERL and on 10 Jun 2000 it merged with two extraparliamentary and also former KMÜ parties, EM and EPPE. The new party retained the name ERL. On 24 Mar 2012 the Estonian Patriotic Movement merged into the ERL and the latter changed its name to the Conservative People's Party of Estonia (EKRE).
Chairmen of EVA
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Andres Herkel 2014-2017
Artur Talvik 2017-2018
Andres Herkel 2018
Kaul Nurm 2018-2019
Heiki Lill 2019-
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EVA was founded on 20 Sep 2014
Chairmen of ResP (2001-2006)
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Rein Taagepera 2001-2002
Juhan Parts 2002-2005
Taavi Veskimägi 2005-2006
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Res Publica (ResP) was founded on 7 Dec 2001. On 4 Jun 2006 ResP merged with Isamaaliit to form the IRL.
Chairmen of ERSP, RK Isamaa, Isamaaliit (1988/1992-2006)
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Chairmen of ERSP
Lagle Parek 1988-1993
Tunne Kelam 1993-1995
Chairman of RK Isamaa
Mart Laar 1992-1995
Chairmen of Isamaaliit
Toivo Jürgenson 1995-1998
Mart Laar 1998-2002
Tunne Kelam 2002-2005
Tõnis Lukas 2005-2006
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Isamaaliit was born on 2 Dec 1995 as the merger of ERSP, founded in Aug 1988, and RK Isamaa, founded in Nov 1992 as the merger of four parties: Estonian Christian-Democratic Union, Estonian Christian-Democratic Party, Conservative National Party and Coalition Party of Republicans. A fifth force, the Estonian Liberals, joined RK Isamaa later. On 4 Jun 2006 Isamaaliit merged with ResP to form the IRL
Chairmen of KMÜ-K, Koonderakond (1994-2001)
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Tiit Vähi 1994-1997
Mart Siimann 1997-1999
Andrus Öövel 1999-2000
Märt Kubo 2000-2001
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The Estonian Coalition Party (Koonderakond) was first founded in Dec 1991 as a parliamentary caucus and was registered as a party in 1994 to contest the 1995 elections. From 1995 to 1999 was part of the electoral block KMÜ together with the EM, the EME, the EPPE and the Farmers' Assembly (PK), receiving the alternative name of KMÜ-K. In 1999 the five-party coalition was disbanded, althought Koonderakond run allied with EPPE and EM in the ballots that year. Koonderakond was disbanded on 17 Nov 2001.
Chairmen of Talurahvaerakond, Rahvaerakond (1994-1999)
Jaan-Hans Kuks 1994-1998
Toomas Hendrik Ilves 1998-1999
The Estonian Farmers' Party (Talurahvaerakond) was founded on 5 Nov 1994. On 5 Apr 1998 it merged with the People's Party of Republicans and Conservatives to form the Estonian People's Party (Rahvaerakond). Rahvaerakond merged into the Moderates on 27 Nov 1999, ceasing to exist.
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