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This collection provides shorts descriptions (prime ministers, tenures and partisan compositions) of European governments over the years. For additional information, check the countries at the Political Leaders datasheets. Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
Parties: LM: Legality Movement LSI: Socialist Movement for Integration PAASh: Agrarian Environmentalist Party of Albania PADSh: Party of the Democratic Alliance of Albania PASh: Agrarian Party of Albania (> PAASh) PBDN: Human Rights' Union Party PBK: National Front Party PBSD: Social Democratic Unity Party PDK: Christian Democratic Party of Albania PDR: New Democratic Party PDSh: Democratic Party of Albania PPSh: Albanian Workers' Party (> PSSh 3 Jun 1991) PSDSh: Social Democratic Party of Albania PRSh: Republican Party of Albania PSSh: Socialist Party of Albania
Elections: 31 Mar, 7 Apr and 14 Apr 1991 / 22 and 29 Mar 1992 / 26 May, 2 Jun and 16 Jun 1996 / 29 Jun and 6 Jul 1997 / 24 Jun, 8 Jul, 22 Jul and 29 Jul 2001 / 3 Jul 2005 / 28 Jun 2009 / 23 Jun 2013 / 25 Jun 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Adil Çarçani (I) |
PPSh |
18 Jan 1982 - 19 Feb 1987 |
PPSh |
| Adil Çarçani (II) |
PPSh |
19 Feb 1987 - 22 Feb 1991 |
PPSh |
| Fatos Nano (I) |
PPSh |
22 Feb 1991 - 12 May 1991 |
PPSh |
| Fatos Nano (II) |
PPSh |
12 May 1991 - 05 Jun 1991 |
PPSh |
| Ylli Bufi |
PPSh/PSSh |
05 Jun 1991 - 11 Dec 1991 |
PPSh/PSSh + PDSh + PSDSh + PRSh + PASh |
| Vilson Ahmeti |
n/p |
11 Dec 1991 - 13 Apr 1992 |
n/p ministers |
| Aleksander Meksi (I) |
PDSh |
13 Apr 1992 - 04 Dec 1994 |
PDSh + PRSh + PSDSh |
| Aleksander Meksi (II) |
PDSh |
04 Dec 1994 - 11 Jul 1996 |
PDSh + PSDSh |
| Aleksander Meksi (III) |
PDSh |
11 Jul 1996 - 11 Mar 1997 |
PDSh + PRSh + PBSD + PDK |
| Bashkim Fino |
PSSh |
11 Mar 1997 - 24 Jul 1997 |
PSSh + PDSh + PBSD + LM + PDK + PBK + PSDSh + PRSh + PBDN (1) |
| Fatos Nano (III) |
PSSh |
24 Jul 1997 - 02 Oct 1998 |
PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh |
| Pandeli Majko (I) |
PSSh |
02 Oct 1998 - 29 Oct 1999 |
PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh |
| Ilir Meta (I) |
PSSh |
29 Oct 1999 - 12 Sep 2001 |
PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh |
| Ilir Meta (II) |
PSSh |
12 Sep 2001 - 22 Feb 2002 |
PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh |
| Pandeli Majko (II) |
PSSh |
22 Feb 2002 - 31 Jul 2002 |
PSSh + PSDSh + PBDN + PASh |
| Fatos Nano (IV) |
PSSh |
31 Jul 2002 - 11 Sep 2005 |
PSSh + PSDSh + PBDN + PASh/PAASh |
| Sali Berisha (I) |
PDSh |
11 Sep 2005 - 17 Sep 2009 |
PDSh + PRSh + PBDN + PAASh + PDR + PDK (2) |
| Sali Berisha (II) |
PDSh |
17 Sep 2009 - 15 Sep 2013 |
PDSh + LSI + PRSh (3) |
| Edi Rama (I) |
PSSh |
15 Sep 2013 - 10 Sep 2017 |
PSSh + LSI |
| Edi Rama (II) |
PSSh |
10 Sep 2017 - in office |
PSSh |
|
(1) Government of national union.
(2) PDK joined the Cabinet on 20 Mar 2007.
(3) LSI withdrew on 3 Apr 2013.
Parties: BZÖ: Alliance for the future of Austria (split from FPÖ) FPÖ: Freedom Party of Austia KPÖ: Communist Party of Austria SPÖ: Social Democratic Party of Austria (to 1991, Austrian Socialist Party) ÖVP: Austrian People's Party
Elections: 25 Nov 1945 / 9 Oct 1949 / 22 Feb 1953 / 13 May 1956 / 10 May 1959 / 18 Nov 1962 / 6 Mar 1966 / 1 Mar 1970 / 10 Oct 1971 / 5 Oct 1975 / 6 May 1979 / 24 Apr 1983 / 23 Nov 1986 / 7 Oct 1990 / 9 Oct 1994 / 17 Dec 1995 / 3 Oct 1999 / 24 Nov 2002 / 1 Oct 2006 / 28 Sep 2008 / 29 Sep 2013 / 15 Oct 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Karl Renner |
SPÖ |
29 Apr 1945 - 20 Dec 1945 |
SPÖ + ÖVP + KPÖ |
| Leopold Figl (I) |
ÖVP |
20 Dec 1945 - 08 Nov 1949 |
ÖVP + SPÖ + KPÖ (1) |
| Leopold Figl (II) |
ÖVP |
08 Nov 1949 - 28 Oct 1952 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Leopold Figl (III) |
ÖVP |
28 Oct 1952 - 02 Apr 1953 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Julius Raab (I) |
ÖVP |
02 Apr 1953 - 29 Jun 1956 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Julius Raab (II) |
ÖVP |
29 Jun 1956 - 15 Jul 1959 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Julius Raab (III) |
ÖVP |
15 Jul 1959 - 03 Nov 1960 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Julius Raab (IV) |
ÖVP |
03 Nov 1960 - 11 Apr 1961 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Alfons Gorbach (I) |
ÖVP |
11 Apr 1961 - 27 Mar 1963 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Alfons Gorbach (II) |
ÖVP |
27 Mar 1963 - 02 Apr 1964 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Josef Klaus (I) |
ÖVP |
02 Apr 1964 - 19 Apr 1966 |
ÖVP + SPÖ |
| Josef Klaus (II) |
ÖVP |
19 Apr 1966 - 21 Apr 1970 |
ÖVP |
| Bruno Kreisky (I) |
SPÖ |
21 Apr 1970 - 04 Nov 1971 |
SPÖ |
| Bruno Kreisky (II) |
SPÖ |
04 Nov 1971 - 28 Oct 1975 |
SPÖ |
| Bruno Kreisky (III) |
SPÖ |
28 Oct 1975 - 05 Jun 1979 |
SPÖ |
| Bruno Kreisky (IV) |
SPÖ |
05 Jun 1979 - 24 May 1983 |
SPÖ |
| Fred Sinowatz |
SPÖ |
24 May 1983 - 16 Jun 1986 |
SPÖ + FPÖ |
| Franz Vranitzky (I) |
SPÖ |
16 Jun 1986 - 21 Jan 1987 |
SPÖ + FPÖ |
| Franz Vranitzky (II) |
SPÖ |
21 Jan 1987 - 17 Dec 1990 |
SPÖ + ÖVP |
| Franz Vranitzky (III) |
SPÖ |
17 Dec 1990 - 29 Nov 1994 |
SPÖ + ÖVP |
| Franz Vranitzky (IV) |
SPÖ |
29 Nov 1994 - 12 Mar 1996 |
SPÖ + ÖVP (2) |
| Franz Vranitzky (V) |
SPÖ |
12 Mar 1996 - 28 Jan 1997 |
SPÖ + ÖVP |
| Viktor Klima |
SPÖ |
28 Jan 1997 - 04 Feb 2000 |
SPÖ + ÖVP |
| Wolfgang Schüssel (I) |
ÖVP |
04 Feb 2000 - 28 Feb 2003 |
ÖVP + FPÖ (3) |
| Wolfgang Schüssel (II) |
ÖVP |
28 Feb 2003 - 11 Jan 2007 |
ÖVP + FPÖ/BZÖ (4) |
| Alfred Gusenbauer |
SPÖ |
11 Jan 2007 - 02 Dec 2008 |
SPÖ + ÖVP (5) |
| Werner Faymann (I) |
SPÖ |
02 Dec 2008 - 16 Dec 2013 |
SPÖ + ÖVP |
| Werner Faymann (II) |
SPÖ |
16 Dec 2013 - 09 May 2016 |
SPÖ + ÖVP (6) |
| Reinhold Mitterlehner (acting) |
ÖVP |
09 May 2016 - 17 May 2016 |
SPÖ + ÖVP (6) |
Christian Kern |
SPÖ |
17 May 2016 - 18 Dec 2017 |
SPÖ + ÖVP |
Sebastian Kurz (I) |
ÖVP |
18 Dec 2017 - 22 May 2019 |
ÖVP + FPÖ (7) |
Sebastian Kurz (II) |
ÖVP |
22 May 2019 - 03 Jun 2019 |
ÖVP (8) |
Brigitte Bierlein |
n/p |
03 Jun 2019 - in office |
n/p |
(1) KPÖ left the Government on 24 Nov 1947.
(2) ÖVP declared the coalition broken on 12 Oct 1995.
(3) Chancellor Schüssel dissolved the Government on 9 Sep 2002.
(4) On 4 Apr 2005 the FPÖ wing loyal to former party chairman Jörg Haider split and formed a new party, the BZÖ. On 17 Apr 2005 the BZÖ replaced the FPÖ as the ÖVP coalition partner in the Federal Government.
(5) ÖVP declared the coalition broken on 7 Jul 2008.
(6) Chancellor Faymann resigned on 9 May 2016; then, Vice Chancellor Mitterlehner became acting chancellor.
(7) Vice Chancellor Heinz-Christian Strache resigned on 18 May 2019 and all other ministers of his party, the FPÖ, followed two days later. On 22 May Chancellor Kurz remade the Cabinet by appointing ministers of his party, the ÖVP, and independents.
(8) On 27 May 2019 the Government lost a no-confidence vote in Parliament. The following day Chancellor Kurz was succeeded by Vice Chancellor Hartwig Löger in acting capacity.
Parties:
Agalev: Living in a different way (Flemish ecologist)
BSP/PSB: Belgian Socialist Party
CDH: Humanist Democratic Center (Walloon, PSC to 2002)
CD&V: Christian Democrats & Flemish (Flemish, CVP to 2001)
CVP: Christian People's Party (Flemish, CD&V since 2001)
Ecolo: Walloon ecologists
FDF: Francophone Democratic Federalists
MCC: Citizens' Movement for Change (Walloon)
MR: Reformist Movement (PRL to 2002)
KP/PC: Catholic Party
KPB/PCB: Communist Party of Belgium
LP/PL: Liberal Party
MCC: Citizens' Movement for Change
N-VA: New Flemish Alliance
PLP: Party for Freedom and Progress (Walloon, PRLW since 1976)
PRL: Liberal Reformist Party (Walloon, PRLW to 1979, MR since 2002)
PRLW: Party for Reforms and Freedom in Wallonia (PLP to 1976, PRL since 1979)
PS: Socialist Party (Walloon)
PSC: Social Christian Party (Walloon, CDH since 2002)
PVV/PLP: Party for Freedom and Progress
PVV: Party for Freedom and Progress (Flemish, VLD since 1992)
RW: Walloon Rally
SP: Socialist Party ((Flemish, SP.A from 2001)
SP.A: Social Progressive Alternative ((Flemish, SP to 2001)
Spirit: Social, Progressive, International, Regionalist, Integral-Democratic, Turned to the Future (Flemish)
UDB: Belgian Democratic Union
VLD: Flemish Liberals and Democrats (PVV to 1992, Open-VLD since 2007)
VU: People's Union-Flemish Free Democrats
Elections: 17 Feb 1946 / 26 Jun 1949 / 4 Jun 1950 / 11 Apr 1954 / 1 Jun 1958 / 26 Mar 1961 / 23 May 1965 / 31 Mar 1968 / 7 Nov 1971 / 10 Mar 1974 / 17 Apr 1977 / 17 Dec 1978 / 8 Nov 1981 / 13 Oct /1985 / 13 Dec 1987 / 24 Nov 1991 / 21 May 1995 / 13 Jun 1999 / 18 May 2003 / 10 Jun 2007 / 13 Jun 2010 / 25 May 2014
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Achille van Acker (I) |
BSP/PSB |
12 Feb 1945 – 02 Aug 1945 |
BSP/PSB + KP/PC + LP/PL + KPB/PCB |
| Achille van Acker (II) |
BSP/PSB |
02 Aug 1945 - 13 Mar 1946 |
BSP/PSB + LP/PL + KPB/PCB + UDB |
| Paul-Henri Spaak (II) |
BSP/PSB |
13 Mar 1946 – 31 Mar 1946 |
BSP/PSB |
| Achille van Acker (III) |
BSP/PSB |
31 Mar 1946 – 02 Aug 1946 |
BSP/PSB + LP/PL + KPB/PCB |
| Camille Huysmans |
BSP/PSB |
02 Aug 1946 - 20 Mar 1947 |
BSP/PSB + LP/PL + KPB/PCB |
| Paul-Henri Spaak (III) |
BSP/PSB |
20 Mar 1947 - 27 Nov 1948 |
BSP/PSB + CVP/PSC |
| Paul-Henri Spaak (IV) |
BSP/PSB |
27 Nov 1948 - 11 Aug 1949 |
BSP/PSB + CVP/PSC |
| Gaston Eyskens (I) |
CVP/PSC |
11 Aug 1949 - 08 Jun 1950 |
CVP/PSC + LP/PL |
| Jean Duvieusart |
CVP/PSC |
08 Jun 1950 - 15 Aug 1950 |
CVP/PSC |
| Joseph Pholien |
CVP/PSC |
15 Aug 1950 - 15 Jan 1952 |
CVP/PSC |
| Jean Van Houtte |
CVP/PSC |
15 Jan 1952 - 23 Apr 1954 |
CVP/PSC |
| Achille van Acker (IV) |
BSP/PSB |
23 Apr 1954 - 26 Jun 1958 |
BSP/PSB + LP/PL |
| Gaston Eyskens (II) |
CVP/PSC |
26 Jun 1958 - 06 Nov 1958 |
CVP/PSC |
| Gaston Eyskens (III) |
CVP/PSC |
06 Nov 1958 - 25 Apr 1961 |
CVP/PSC + LP/PL |
| Théo Lefèvre |
CVP/PSC |
25 Apr 1961 - 28 Jul 1965 |
CVP/PSC + BSP/PSB |
| Pierre Harmel |
CVP/PSC |
28 Jul 1965 - 19 Mar 1966 |
CVP/PSC + BSP/PSB |
| Paul Vanden Boeynants (I) |
CVP/PSC |
19 Mar 1966 - 17 Jun 1968 |
CVP/PSC + PVV/PLP |
| Gaston Eyskens (IV) |
CVP |
17 Jun 1968 - 21 Jan 1972 |
CVP + PSC + BSP/PSB |
| Gaston Eyskens (IV) |
CVP |
21 Jan 1972 - 26 Jan 1973 |
CVP + PSC + BSP/PSB |
| Edmond Leburton (I) |
BSP/PSB |
26 Jan 1973 - 23 Oct 1973 |
BSP/PSB + CVP + PSC + PVV + PLP |
| Edmond Leburton (II) |
BSP/PSB |
23 Oct 1973 - 25 Apr 1974 |
BSP/PSB + CVP + PSC + PVV + PLP |
| Léo Tindemans (I) |
CVP |
25 Apr 1974 - 11 Jun 1974 |
CVP + PSC + PVV + PLP |
| Léo Tindemans (II) |
CVP |
11 Jun 1974 - 06 Mar 1977 |
CVP + PSC + PVV + PLP + RW |
| Léo Tindemans (III) |
CVP |
06 Mar 1977 - 03 Jun 1977 |
CVP + PSC + PVV + PRLW |
| Léo Tindemans (IV) |
CVP |
03 Jun 1977 - 20 Oct 1978 |
CVP + PSC + BSP/PSB + VU + FDF |
| Paul Vanden Boeynants (II) |
CVP |
20 Oct 1978 - 03 Apr 1979 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS + VU + FDF |
| Wilfried Martens (I) |
CVP |
03 Apr 1979 - 23 Jan 1980 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS + FDF |
| Wilfried Martens (II) |
CVP |
23 Jan 1980 - 18 May 1980 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS |
| Wilfried Martens (III) |
CVP |
18 May 1980 - 22 Oct 1980 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS + PVV + PRL |
| Wilfried Martens (IV) |
CVP |
22 Oct 1980 - 06 Apr 1981 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS |
| Mark Eyskens |
CVP |
06 Apr 1981 - 17 Dec 1981 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS |
| Wilfried Martens (V) |
CVP |
17 Dec 1981 - 28 Nov 1985 |
CVP + PSC + PVV + PRL |
| Wilfried Martens (VI) |
CVP |
28 Nov 1985 - 21 Oct 1987 |
CVP + PSC + PVV + PRL |
| Wilfried Martens (VII) |
CVP |
21 Oct 1987 - 09 May 1988 |
CVP + PSC + PVV + PRL |
| Wilfried Martens (VIII) |
CVP |
09 May 1988 - 29 Sep 1991 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS + VU (1) |
| Wilfried Martens (IX) |
CVP |
29 Sep 1991 - 07 Mar 1992 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS |
| Jean-Luc Dehaene (I) |
CVP |
07 Mar 1992 - 23 Jun 1995 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS |
| Jean-Luc Dehaene (II) |
CVP |
23 Jun 1995 - 12 Jul 1999 |
CVP + PSC + SP + PS |
| Guy Verhofstadt (I) |
VLD |
12 Jul 1999 - 12 Jul 2003 |
VLD + PRL + SP + PS + Ecolo + Agalev (2) |
| Guy Verhofstadt (II) |
VLD |
12 Jul 2003 - 21 Dec 2007 |
VLD + SP.A + PS + MR + Spirit |
| Guy Verhofstadt (III) |
Open-VLD |
21 Dec 2007 - 20 Mar 2008 |
Open-VLD + CD&V + PS + MR + CDH |
| Yves Leterme (I) |
CD&V |
20 Mar 2008 - 30 Dec 2008 |
CD&V + Open VLD + PS + MR + CDH |
| Herman Van Rompuy |
CD&V |
30 Dec 2008 - 25 Nov 2009 |
CD&V + Open VLD + PS + MR + CDH |
| Yves Leterme (II) |
CD&V |
25 Nov 2009 - 06 Dec 2011 |
CD&V + Open VLD + PS + MR + CDH |
| Elio Di Rupo |
PS |
06 Dec 2011 - 11 Oct 2014 |
PS + SP.A + CD&V + CDH + Open VLD + MR |
| Charles Michel (I) |
MR |
11 Oct 2014 - 09 Dec 2018 |
MR + CD&V + N-VA + Open VLD |
| Charles Michel (II) |
MR |
09 Dec 2018 - in office |
MR + CD&V + Open VLD |
|
(1) VU withdrew on 29 Sep 1991.
(2) Ecolo withdrew on 19 May 2003.
Parties: DF: Democratic Front HDZ: Croatian Democratic Union HDZ 1990: Croatian Democratic Union 1990 HDZ BiH: Croatian Democratic Union for Bosnia and Herzegovina (new name of HDZ) NHI: New Croatian Initiative NSRB: People's Party Work for Betterment PDP: Party for Democratic Progress SA: Socialist Alliance SBB: Union for a Better Future of BiH SBiH: Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina SDA: Party of Democratic Action SDP: Social Democratic Party of BiH SDS: Serbian Democratic Party SKB: League of Bosnian Communists SNS RS: Serbian People's Union of Republika SprskaSNSD: Party of Independent Social Democrats SPO: Serbian Renaissance Movement SP RS: Socialist Party of Republika Sprska n/p: non-party
Elections: 18 Nov, 2 Dec, 9 Dec 1990 (as Yugoslav republic; independence proclaimed 3 Mar 1992) / 14 Sep 1996 / 12-13 Sep 1998 / 11 Nov 2000 / 5 Oct 2002 / 1 Oct 2006 / 3 Oct 2010 / 12 Oct 2014
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Jure Pelivan |
HDZ |
28 Nov 1990 - 09 Nov 1992 |
SDA + HDZ + SDS (1) |
| Mile Akmadzic |
HDZ |
09 Nov 1992 - 25 Oct 1993 |
SDA + HDZ (2) |
| Haris Silajdzic |
SDA |
25 Oct 1993 - 21 Jan 1996 |
SDA + HDZ + SPO + SA + SKB |
| Hasan Muratovic |
n/p (3) |
21 Jan 1996 - 03 Jan 1997 |
SDA + HDZ |
Haris Silajdzic/
Boro Bosic (4) |
SBiH/
SDS |
03 Jan 1997 - 03 Feb 1999 |
SBiH + SDS + SDA + HDZ |
Haris Silajdzic/
Svetozar Mihajlovic (4) |
SBiH/
SP RS |
03 Feb 1999 - 06 Jun 2000 |
SBiH + SP RS + SNS RS + SDA + HDZ |
| Spasoje Tusevljak |
n/p |
06 Jun 2000 - 18 Oct 2000 |
SBiH + SP RS + SNS RS + SDA + HDZ |
| Martin Raguz |
HDZ |
18 Oct 2000 - 22 Feb 2001 |
SBiH + SP RS + SNS RS + SDA + HDZ |
| Bozidar Matic |
SDP |
22 Feb 2001 - 18 Jul 2001 |
SDP + SBiH + NHI + SNS RS + PDP (5) |
| Zlatko Lagumdzija |
SDP |
18 Jul 2001 - 15 Mar 2002 |
SDP + SBiH + NHI + SNS RS + PDP |
| Dragan Mikerevic |
PDP |
15 Mar 2002 - 23 Dec 2002 |
SDP + SBiH + NHI + SNS RS + PDP |
| Adnan Terzic |
SDA |
23 Dec 2002 - 11 Jan 2007 |
SDA + SDS + HDZ + SBiH + PDP |
| Nikola Spiric |
SNSD |
11 Jan 2007 - 12 Jan 2012 |
SNSD + SBiH + SDA + PDP + HDZ 1990 + HDZ BiH + NSRB |
| Vjekoslav Bevanda |
HDZ BiH |
12 Jan 2012 - 11 Feb 2015 |
SDP + SDS + HDZ BiH + SNSD + SBB + HDZ 1990 |
| Denis Zvizdic |
SDA |
11 Feb 2015 - in office |
SDA + SDS + HDZ BiH + PDP + DF |
|
(1) SDA, HDZ and SDS comprised the cabinet core. SDS withdrew by Oct 1991. Aditional minor partners not available.
(2) SDA and HDZ comprised the cabinet core. Aditional minor partners not available.
(3) Formally a non-party prime minister, but designated by and linked to SDA.
(4) Co-prime ministers.
(5) SDP, SBiH and NHI formed the coalition Alliance for Changes; SNS RS and PDP were not members, but supported the alliance.
Parties:
ABV: Alternative for Bulgarian Revival
Ataka: Attack (member of OP)
BKP: Bulgarian Communist Party (transformed into BSP 3 Apr 1990)
BSP: Bulgarian Socialist Party
BZnS: Bulgarian People's Farmers Union
BZnS(AS): Bulgarian People's Farmers Union (Aleksandar Stambolijski)
DE: Ekoglasnost movement
DP: Democratic Party
DPS: Movement for Rights and Freedoms n/p: non-party
GERB: Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria
NDSV: National Movement Simeon II (renamed National Movement for Stability and Progress in 2007)
NFSB: National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria (member of OP)
OP: United Patriots (coalition)
RB: Reformist Bloc (coalition made by SDS and BZnS)
SDS: Union of Democratic Forces (coalition)
VMRO-BND: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Bulgarian National Movement (member of OP)
Elections: 10-17 Jun 1990 / 13 Oct 1991 / 18 Dec 1994 / 19 Apr 1997 / 17 Jun 2001 / 25 Jun 2005 / 5 Jul 2009 / 12 May 2013 / 5 Oct 2014 / 26 Mar 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Georgy Atanasov |
BKP |
21 Mar 1986 - 03 Feb 1990 |
BKP |
| Andrey Lukanov |
BKP/BSP |
03 Feb 1990 - 07 Dec 1990 |
BKP/BSP |
| Dimitar Popov |
n/p |
07 Dec 1990 - 08 Nov 1991 |
BSP + SDS + BZnS |
| Filip Dimitrov |
SDS |
08 Nov 1991 - 30 Dec 1992 |
SDS |
| Lyuben Berov |
n/p |
30 Dec 1992 - 17 Oct 1994 |
n/p (1) |
| Reneta Indzhova (interim) |
n/p |
17 Oct 1994 - 25 Jan 1995 |
n/p |
| Zhan Videnov |
BSP |
25 Jan 1995 - 13 Feb 1997 |
BSP + BZnS(AS) + DE |
| Stefan Sofiyanski (interim) |
n/p |
13 Feb 1997 - 21 May 1997 |
n/p |
| Ivan Kostov |
SDS |
21 May 1997 - 24 Jul 2001 |
SDS + DP (2) |
| Simeon Sakskoburggotski |
NDSV |
24 Jul 2001 - 16 Aug 2005 |
NDSV + DPS |
| Sergey Stanishev |
BSP |
16 Aug 2005 - 27 Jul 2009 |
BSP + NDSV + DPS |
| Boyko Borisov (I) |
GERB |
27 Jul 2009 - 13 Mar 2013 |
GERB |
| Marin Raykov (interim) |
n/p |
13 Mar 2013 - 29 May 2013 |
n/p |
| Plamen Oresharski |
n/p |
29 May 2013 - 06 Aug 2014 |
BSP + DPS |
| Georgy Bliznashki (interim) |
n/p |
06 Aug 2014 - 07 Nov 2014 |
n/p |
| Boyko Borisov (II) |
GERB |
07 Nov 2014 - 27 Jan 2017 |
GERB + RB + ABV (3) |
| Ognyan Gerdzhikov (interim) |
NDSV |
27 Jan 2017 - 04 May 2017 |
NDSV + BSP + SDS + n/p |
| Boyko Borisov (III) |
GERB |
04 May 2017 - in office |
GERB + OP (VMRO-BND, NFSB, Ataka) (4) |
|
(1) Government made with non-party ministers but supported from Parliament by BSP and DPS.
(2) On 15 Feb 1997 the 15 parties comprising the SDS coalition decided to merge into a sole party, also called SDS, which along with the DP, the BZnS and the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (BSDP) run under an United Democratic Forces (ODS) umbrella in the 19 Apr 1997 elections.
(3) ABV withdrew on 10 May 2016.
(4) Ataka belongs to the OP coalition and supports the Government, without having ministers.
Parties:
DC: Democratic Center
HDZ: Croatian Democratic Union
HKDS: Croatian Christian Democratic Party
HNS: Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats
HSLS: Croatian Social Liberal Party
HSP: Croatian Party of Rights
HSS: Croatian Peasant Party
IDS-DDI: Istrian Democratic Assembly
Libra: Party of Liberal Democrats
LS: Liberal Party
Most: Bridge of Independent Lists
SDHS: Social Democratic Party of Croatia
SDP: Party of the Democratic Changes/Social Democratic Party of Croatia
SDSS: Independent Serb Democratic Party
Elections: 22 Apr, 6 May 1990 (as Yugoslav republic, independence proclaimed 25 May 1991) / 2 Aug 1992 / 29 Oct 1995 / 3 Jan 2000 / 23 Nov 2003 / 25 Nov 2007 / 4 Dec 2011 / 8 Nov 2015 / 11 Sep 2016
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Stipe Mesic |
HDZ |
30 May 1990 - 24 Aug 1990 |
HDZ |
| Josip Manolic |
HDZ |
24 Aug 1990 - 17 Jul 1991 |
HDZ |
| Franjo Greguric |
HDZ |
17 Jul 1991 - 12 Aug 1992 |
HDZ + SDP + SDHS + HKDS |
| Hrvoje Sarinic |
HDZ |
12 Aug 1992 - 03 Apr 1993 |
HDZ |
| Nikica Valentic |
HDZ |
03 Apr 1993 - 07 Nov 1995 |
HDZ |
| Zlatko Matesa |
HDZ |
07 Nov 1995 - 27 Jan 2000 |
HDZ |
| Ivica Racan (I) |
SDP |
27 Jan 2000 - 30 Jul 2002 |
SDP + HSLS + HNS + LS + IDS-DDI + HSS (1) |
| Ivica Racan (II) |
SDP |
30 Jul 2002 - 23 Dec 2003 |
SDP + HNS + LS + HSS + Libra |
| Ivo Sanader (I) |
HDZ |
23 Dec 2003 - 17 Feb 2005 |
HDZ + DC |
| Ivo Sanader (II) |
HDZ |
17 Feb 2005 - 12 Jan 2008 |
HDZ + DC |
| Ivo Sanader (III) |
HDZ |
12 Jan 2008 - 06 Jul 2009 |
HDZ + HSS + HSLS + SDSS |
| Jadranka Kosor |
HDZ |
06 Jul 2009 - 23 Dec 2011 |
HDZ + HSS + HSLS + SDSS |
| Zoran Milanovic |
SDP |
23 Dec 2011 - 22 Jan 2016 |
SDP + HNS + IDS-DDI |
| Tihomir Oreskovic |
n/p |
22 Jan 2016 - 19 Oct 2016 |
HDZ + Most |
| Andrej Plenkovic |
HDZ |
19 Oct 2016 - in office |
HDZ + Most (2) |
|
(1) IDS-DDI withdrew on 3 Jun 2001.
(2) MOST was sacked on 28 Apr 2017 and HNS joined on 9 Jun 2017.
Parties:
AKEL: Progressive party of the Working People DIKO: Democratic Party DISY: Democratic Rally EDEK: Socialist Party of Cyprus (then, Movement for Social Democracy) Evroko: European Party KF: Liberal Party KED: Movement of Free Democrats KISOS: Movement of Social Democrats (EDEK denomination 1999-2003)n/p: non-party
Elections:: 19 May 1991 / 26 May 1996 / 27 May 2001 / 21 May 2006 / 22 May 2011 / 22 May 2016
(1) DIKO withdrew on 5 Nov 1997.
(2) DIKO ministers stayed in the Cabinet as mavericks not authorized by the party. EDEK withdrew on 4 Jan 1999.
(3) AKEL withdrew on 11 Jul 2007.
(4) DIKO withdrew on 28 Feb 2014. Evroko withdrew from the Government and merged into the Solidarity Movement (Kinima Allilengyi) in March 2016.
 | Czech
Governments since 1993 |
Parties: ANO 2011: Action of Dissatisfied Citizens 2011; CSSD: Czech Social Democratic Party KDS: Christian Democratic Party (merged into ODS in Mar 1996) KDU-CSL: Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party LIDEM: Liberal Democrats ODA: Civic Democratic Alliance ODS: Civic Democratic Party SZ: Green Party TOP 09: Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 US: Union of Freedom US-DEU: Union of Freedom-Democratic Union (two party merger in Oct 2001) VV: Public Affairs n/p: non-party
Elections: 31 May, 1 Jun 1996 / 19-20 Jun 1998 / 14-15 Jun 2002 / 2-3 Jun 2006 / 28-29 May 2010 / 25-26 Oct 2013 / 20-21 Oct 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Václav Klaus (I) |
ODS |
01 Jan 1993 - 04 Jul 1996 |
ODS + KDU-CSL + ODA + KDS |
| Václav Klaus (II) |
ODS |
04 Jul 1996 - 17 Dec 1997 |
ODS + KDU-CSL + ODA (1) |
| Josef Tosovský |
n/p |
17 Dec 1997 - 17 Jul 1998 |
ODS/US + KDU-CSL + ODA (2) |
| Milos Zeman |
CSSD |
17 Jul 1998 - 12 Jul 2002 |
CSSD |
| Vladimír Spidla |
CSSD |
12 Jul 2002 - 26 Jul 2004 |
CSSD + KDU-CSL + US-DEU |
| Stanislav Gross |
CSSD |
26 Jul 2004 - 25 Apr 2005 |
CSSD + KDU-CSL + US-DEU (3) |
| Jirí Paroubek |
CSSD |
25 Apr 2005 - 04 Sep 2006 |
CSSD + KDU-CSL + US-DEU |
| Mirek Topolánek (I) |
ODS |
04 Sep 2006 - 09 Jan 2007 |
ODS |
| Mirek Topolánek (II) |
ODS |
09 Jan 2007 - 08 May 2009 |
ODS + KDU-CSL + SZ |
| Jan Fischer |
n/p |
08 May 2009 - 13 Jul 2010 |
n/p ministers |
| Petr Necas |
ODS |
13 Jul 2010 - 10 Jul 2013 |
ODS + TOP 09 + VV + LIDEM (4) |
| Jirí Rusnok |
n/p |
10 Jul 2013 - 29 Jan 2014 |
n/p ministers |
| Bohuslav Sobotka |
CSSD |
29 Jan 2014 - 13 Dec 2017 |
CSSD + ANO 2011 + KDU-CSL |
| Andrej Babis (I) |
ANO 2011 |
13 Dec 2017 - 27 Jun 2018 |
ANO 2011 |
| Andrej Babis (II) |
ANO 2011 |
27 Jun 2018 - in office |
ANO 2011 + CSSD |
|
(1) KDU-CSL and ODA withdrew on 29 Nov 1997; PM Klaus resigned the next day.
(2) Four ministers belonged to a maverick wing of ODS; some of then joined the US party when it was founded on 17 Jan 1998.
(3) KDU-CSL announced its withdrawal on 31 Mar 2005; PM Gross resigned on 9 Apr.
(4) The LIDEM party split from VV on 3 May 2012 and replaced VV as the third coalition partner.
Parties: CSL: Czechoslovak People's Party CSS: Czechoslovak Socialist Party KSC: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia KDH: Christian Democratic Movement (Slovak lands-based) KDU/CSL: Christian Democratic Union/Czechoslovak People's Party (Czech lands-based) HZDS: Movement for a Democratic Slovakia OF: Civic Forum (Czech lands-based) ODS: Civic Democratic Party (Czech lands-based) ODU-VPN: Civic Democratic Union (Slovak lands-based) VPN: Public Against Violence (Slovak lands-based) n/p: n/p
Elections:: 8-9 Jun 1990 / 5-6 Jun 1992 (The Czech and Slovak Federative Republic ceased to exist on 31 Dec 1992)
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Ladislav Adamec |
KSC |
11 Oct 1988 - 03 Dec 1989 |
KSC |
| Ladislav Adamec |
KSC |
03 Dec 1989 - 10 Dec 1989 |
KSC + CSS + CSL + n/p (1) |
| Marián Calfa |
KSC, VPN (2) |
10 Dec 1989 - 27 Jun 1990 |
KSC + CSS + CSL + n/p (3) |
| Marián Calfa |
VPN, ODU-VPN |
27 Jun 1990 - 01 Jul 1992 |
OF/ODS + VPN/ODU-VPN + KDH (4) |
| Jan Strásky |
ODS |
01 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 |
ODS + HZDS + KDU/CSL |
|
(1) CSS and CSL belonged to the so-called National Front of Czechs and Slovaks (NF), a structure hegemonized by the KSC.
(2) Prime minister Calfa left out the KSC on 18 Jan 1990 to join the VPN. Following the disolution of the VPN in Apr 1991, he became a leading member of ODU-VPN (see below).
(3) The CSL became the KDU-CSL in 1992. Four out of the seven ministers labeled as independents were in fact linked to the OF.
(4) Both the OF, active in the Czech Republic, and its Slovak partner, the VPN, were disbanded in Apr 1991. From the defunct OF several parties came out: the ODS, the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) and the Civic Movement (OH). From VPN, the ODU-VPN and the HZDS.
Parties:
CD: Centre Democrats DR: Justice Party of Denmark KF: Conservative People's Party KrF: Christian People's Party LA: Liberal Alliance RV: Radikale Venstre ("Radical Left"), Danish Social Liberal Party SD: Social Democrats V: Venstre ("Left"), Liberal Party
Elections: 28 Oct 1947 / 5 Sep 1950 / 21 Apr 1953 / 22 Sep 1953 / 14 May 1957 / 15 Nov 1960/ 22 Sep 1964 / 22 Nov 1966 / 23 Jan 1968 / 21 Sep 1971 / 4 Dec 1973 / 9 Jan 1975 / 15 Feb 1977 / 23 Oct 1979 / 8 Dec 1981 / 10 Jan 1984 / 8 Sep 1987 / 10 May 1988 / 12 Dec 1990 / 21 Sep 1994 / 11 Mar 1998 / 20 Nov 2001 / 8 Feb 2005 / 13 Nov 2007 / 15 Sep 2011 / 18 Jun 2015
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Hans Hedtoft (I) |
SD |
13 Nov 1947 - 30 Oct 1950 |
SD |
| Erik Eriksen |
V |
30 Oct 1950 - 30 Sep 1953 |
V + KF |
| Hans Hedtoft (II) |
SD |
30 Sep 1953 - 01 Feb 1955 |
SD |
| Hans Christian Hansen (I) |
SD |
01 Feb 1955 - 28 May 1957 |
SD |
| Hans Christian Hansen (II) |
SD |
28 May 1957 - 21 Feb 1960 |
SD + RV + DR |
| Viggo Kampmann (I) |
SD |
21 Feb 1960 - 18 Nov 1960 |
SD + RV + DR |
| Viggo Kampmann (II) |
SD |
18 Nov 1960 - 03 Sep 1962 |
SD + RV |
| Jens Otto Krag (I) |
SD |
03 Sep 1962 - 29 Sep 1964 |
SD + RV |
| Jens Otto Krag (II) |
SD |
29 Sep 1964 - 02 Feb 1968 |
SD |
| Hilmar Baunsgaard |
RV |
02 Feb 1968 - 11 Oct 1971 |
RV + KF + V |
| Jens Otto Krag (III) |
SD |
11 Oct 1971 - 05 Oct 1972 |
SD |
| Anker Jorgensen (I) |
SD |
05 Oct 1972 - 19 Dec 1973 |
SD |
| Poul Hartling |
V |
19 Dec 1973 - 13 Feb 1975 |
V |
| Anker Jorgensen (II) |
SD |
13 Feb 1975 - 30 Aug 1978 |
SD + V |
| Anker Jorgensen (III) |
SD |
30 Aug 1978 - 26 Oct 1979 |
SD + V |
| Anker Jorgensen (IV) |
SD |
26 Oct 1979 - 30 Dec 1981 |
SD |
| Anker Jorgensen (V) |
SD |
30 Dec 1981 - 10 Sep 1982 |
SD |
| Poul Schlüter (I) |
KF |
10 Sep 1982 - 10 Sep 1987 |
KF + V + CD + KrF |
| Poul Schlüter (II) |
KF |
10 Sep 1987 - 03 Jun 1988 |
KF + V + CD + KrF |
| Poul Schlüter (III) |
KF |
03 Jun 1988 - 18 Dec 1990 |
KF + V + RV |
| Poul Schlüter (IV) |
KF |
18 Dec 1990 - 25 Jan 1993 |
KF + V |
| Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (I) |
SD |
25 Jan 1993 - 27 Sep 1994 |
SD + RV + CD + KrF |
| Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (II) |
SD |
27 Sep 1994 - 30 Dec 1996 |
SD + RV + CD |
| Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (III) |
SD |
30 Dec 1996 - 23 Mar 1998 |
SD + RV |
| Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (IV) |
SD |
23 Mar 1998 - 27 Nov 2001 |
SD + RV |
| Anders Fogh Rasmussen (I) |
V |
27 Nov 2001 - 18 Feb 2005 |
V + KF |
| Anders Fogh Rasmussen (II) |
V |
18 Feb 2005 - 23 Nov 2007 |
V + KF |
| Anders Fogh Rasmussen (III) |
V |
23 Nov 2007 - 05 Apr 2009 |
V + KF |
| Lars Lokke Rasmussen (I) |
V |
05 Apr 2009 - 03 Oct 2011 |
V + KF |
| Helle Thorning-Schmidt (I) |
SD |
03 Oct 2011 - 03 Feb 2014 |
SD + RV + SF |
| Helle Thorning-Schmidt (II) |
SD |
03 Feb 2014 - 28 Jun 2015 |
SD + RV |
| Lars Lokke Rasmussen (II) |
V |
28 Jun 2015 - 28 Nov 2016 |
V |
| Lars Lokke Rasmussen (III) |
V |
28 Nov 2016 - in office |
V + LA + KF |
|
Parties:
EA: Progressive Party
EKRE: Conservative People's Party of Estonia
ERSP: Estonian national Independence Party
ERL: Estonian People's Union (called EME to 1999)
Isamaaliit: Pro Patria Union (merger of RK Isamaa and ERSP since 2 Dec 1995)
IRL (Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit): Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (2006, renamed Isamaa in 2018)
Isamaa: Pro Patria (2018, previously called IRL)
Keskerakond: Estonian Center Party
KMU: Coalition Party and Rural Union (comprising Estonian Coalition Party (KE or KMU-K), Estonian Rural Union (EM or KMU-M), Estonian Country People's Party (EME), Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (EPPL) and Farmers' Assembly (PK)
Liberaalid: Liberals
Mõõdukad: Moderates
Parempool: Rightists
Rahvarinne: Popular Front of Estonia
Reformierakond: Estonian Reform Party
ResP: Union for the Republic-Res Publica
RK 'Isamaa': National Coalition Party Pro Patria
SDE: Social Democratic Party (2004, previously called the Moderates)
Elections: 21 Mar 1990 (Soviet era) / 20 Sep 1992 / 5 Mar 1995 / 7 Mar 1999 / 2 Mar 2003 / 4 Mar 2007 / 6 Mar 2011 / 1 Mar 2015 / 3 Mar 2019
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Edgar Savisaar |
Rahvarinne |
03 Apr 1990 - 30 Jan 1992 |
Rahavarinne + n/p |
| Tiit Vähi (I) |
n/p |
30 Jan 1992 - 21 Oct 1992 |
n/p |
| Mart Laar (I) |
RK Isamaa |
21 Oct 1992 - 08 Nov 1994 |
RK Isamaa + ERSP + Mõõdukad + Liberaalid |
| Andres Tarand |
n/p |
08 Nov 1994 - 17 Apr 1995 |
RK Isamaa + ERSP + Mõõdukad + Liberaalid/Reformierakond + Parempool |
| Tiit Vähi (II) |
KMU-K |
17 Apr 1995 - 06 Nov 1995 |
KMU + Keskerakond (1) |
| Tiit Vähi (III) |
KMU-K |
06 Nov 1995 - 17 Mar 1997 |
KMU + Reformierakond (2) |
| Mart Siimann |
KMU-K |
17 Mar 1997 - 25 Mar 1999 |
KMU + EA |
| Mart Laar (II) |
Isamaaliit |
25 Mar 1999 - 28 Jan 2002 |
Isamaaliit + Reformierakond + Mõõdukad |
| Siim Kallas |
Reformierakond |
28 Jan 2002 - 10 Apr 2003 |
Reformierakond + Keskerakond |
| Juhan Parts |
ResP |
10 Apr 2003 - 13 Apr 2005 |
ResP + Reformierakond + ERL |
| Andrus Ansip (I) |
Reformierakond |
13 Apr 2005 - 05 Apr 2007 |
Reformierakond + Keskerakond + ERL |
| Andrus Ansip (II) |
Reformierakond |
05 Apr 2007 - 06 Apr 2011 |
Reformierakond + IRL + SDE (3) |
| Andrus Ansip (III) |
Reformierakond |
06 Apr 2011 - 26 Mar 2014 |
Reformierakond + IRL |
| Taavi Rõivas (I) |
Reformierakond |
26 Mar 2014 - 09 Apr 2015 |
Reformierakond + SDE |
| Taavi Rõivas (II) |
Reformierakond |
09 Apr 2015 - 23 Nov 2016 |
Reformierakond + SDE + IRL |
| Jüri Ratas (I) |
Keskerakond |
23 Nov 2016 - 29 Apr 2019 |
Keskerakond + SDE + IRL/Isamaa |
| Jüri Ratas (II) |
Keskerakond |
29 Apr 2019 - in office |
Keskerakond + EKRE + Isamaa |
|
(1) Keskerakond withdrew on 11 Oct 1995.
(2) Reformierakond withdrew on 21 Nov 1996.
(3) SDE ministers were sacked on 21 May 2009.
Parties: KD: Christian Democrats (SKL to 2011) Keskusta: Centre Party KOK: national Coalition Party PS: True Finns RKP/SFP: Swedish People's Party in Finland SDP: Finnish Social Democratic Party SKL: Finnish Christian League (renamed KD in 2001) SMP: Finnish Rural Party VAS: Left-Wing Alliance; VIHR: Green League
Elections: 15-16 Mar 1987 / 17 Mar 1991 / 19 Mar 1995 / 21 Mar 1999 / 16 Mar 2003 / 18 Mar 2007 / 17 Apr 2011 / 19 Apr 2015 / 14 Apr 2019
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Harri Holkeri |
KOK |
30 Apr 1987 - 26 Apr 1991 |
KOK + SDP + RKP/SFP + SMP (1) |
| Esko Aho |
Keskusta |
26 Apr 1991 - 13 Apr 1995 |
Keskusta + KOK + RKP/SFP + SKL (2) |
| Paavo Lipponen (I) |
SDP |
13 Apr 1995 - 15 Apr 1999 |
SDP + KOK + RKP/SFP + VAS + VIHR |
| Paavo Lipponen (II) |
SDP |
15 Apr 1999 - 17 Apr 2003 |
SDP + KOK + RKP/SFP + VAS + VIHR (3) |
| Anneli Jäätteenmäki |
Keskusta |
17 Apr 2003 - 18 Jun 2003 |
Keskusta + SDP + RKP/SFP |
| Matti Vanhanen (I) |
Keskusta |
24 Jun 2003 - 19 Apr 2007 |
Keskusta + SDP + RKP/SFP |
| Matti Vanhanen (II) |
Keskusta |
19 Apr 2007 - 22 Jun 2010 |
Keskusta + KOK + RKP/SFP + VIHR |
| Mari Kiviniemi |
Keskusta |
22 Jun 2010 - 22 Jun 2011 |
Keskusta + KOK + RKP/SFP + VIHR |
| Jyrki Katainen |
KOK |
22 Jun 2011 - 24 Jun 2014 |
KOK + SDP + RKP/SFP + VAS + VIHR + KD |
| Alexander Stubb |
KOK |
24 Jun 2014 - 29 May 2015 |
KOK + SDP + RKP/SFP + VIHR + KD (5) |
| Juha Sipilä |
Keskusta |
29 May 2015 - 06 Jun 2019 |
Keskusta + PS + KOK (6) |
| Antti Rinne |
SDP |
06 Jun 2019 - in office |
SDP + Keskusta + VIHR + VAS + RKP/SFP |
|
(1) SMP withdrew on 28 Aug 1990.
(2) SKL withdrew on 26 Jun 1994.
(3) VIHR withdrew on 31 May 2002.
(4) VAS withdrew on 4 Apr 2014.
(5) VIHR withdrew on 26 Sep 2014.
(6) PS was replaced by Blue Reform (SIN, splinter of PS) on 13 Jun 2017.
Parties:
DL: Liberal Democracy (disbanded 21 Sep 2002) EELV: Europe Ecology–The Greens; PE: Ecologist Party (splinter of EELV in 2015, part of UDE to 2016); FRS: Forum of Social Republican (linked to UMP, renamed PCD in 2009) GE: Ecology Generation LR: The Republicans REM: The Republic Forward! LV: The Greens MDC: Citizens Movement MDR: Movement of Reformers MoDem: Democratic Movement MRG: Left Radical Movement (then PRS) MRSL: Radical, Social and Liberal Movement PCD: Christian Democratic Party (FRS to 2009) PCF: French Communist Party PRG: Radical Party of the Left (then MRSL) PRS: Radical Socialist Party (then PRG) PS: Socialist Party PSLE (NC): The New Center/European Social Liberal Party (splinters of UDF, linked to UMP) Rad.: Radical Party (member of UDF to 2002; then, linked to UMP) RPR: Rally for the Republic (disbanded 21 Sep 2002) UDE: Union of Democrats and Ecologists (coalition) UDF: Union for the French Democracy (confederation to 1998; then, single party) UMP: Union for a Popular Movement (founded 23 Apr 2002, including RPR and DL, renamed LR in 2015)
Elections: 5-12 Jun 1988 / 21-28 Mar 1993 / 25 May-1 Jun 1997 / 9-16 Jun 2002 / 10-17 Jun 2007 / 10-17 Jun 2012 / 11-18 Jun 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Michel Rocard (I) |
PS |
10 May 1988 - 23 Jun 1988 |
PS + UDF + MRG + GE |
| Michel Rocard (II) |
PS |
23 Jun 1988 - 15 May 1991 |
PS + UDF + MRG + MDR + GE |
| Édith Cresson |
PS |
15 May 1991 - 02 Apr 1992 |
PS + MRG + MDR + GE |
| Pierre Bérégovoy |
PS |
02 Apr 1992 - 29 Mar 1993 |
PS + MRG + MDR |
| Édouard Balladur |
RPR |
29 Mar 1993 - 18 May 1995 |
RPR + UDF |
| Alain Juppé (I) |
RPR |
18 May 1995 - 07 Nov 1995 |
RPR + UDF |
| Alain Juppé (II) |
RPR |
07 Nov 1995 - 03 Jun 1997 |
RPR + UDF |
| Lionel Jospin |
PS |
03 Jun 1997 - 06 May 2002 |
PS + PCF + PRS/PRG + MDC + LV |
| Jean-Pierre Raffarin (I) |
DL |
06 May 2002 - 17 Jun 2002 |
RPR + UDF + DL |
| Jean-Pierre Raffarin (II) |
DL/UMP |
17 Jun 2002 - 31 Mar 2004 |
UMP + UDF (1) |
| Jean-Pierre Raffarin (III) |
UMP |
31 Mar 2004 - 31 May 2005 |
UMP + UDF |
| Dominique de Villepin |
UMP |
31 May 2005 - 17 May 2007 |
UMP |
| François Fillon (I) |
UMP |
17 May 2007 - 19 Jun 2007 |
UMP + Rad. + PSLE (NC) + FRS |
| François Fillon (II) |
UMP |
19 Jun 2007 - 14 Nov 2010 |
UMP + Rad. + PSLE (NC) + FRS/PCD |
| François Fillon (III) |
UMP |
14 Nov 2010 - 16 May 2012 |
UMP + PSLE (NC) + Les Progressistes |
| Jean-Marc Ayrault (I) |
PS |
16 May 2012 - 18 Jun 2012 |
PS + PRG + EELV |
| Jean-Marc Ayrault (II) |
PS |
18 Jun 2012 - 31 Mar 2014 |
PS + PRG + EELV |
| Manuel Valls (I) |
PS |
02 Apr 2014 - 25 Aug 2014 |
PS + PRG |
| Manuel Valls (II) |
PS |
26 Aug 2014 - 06 Dec 2016 |
PS + PRG + UDE (2) |
| Bernard Cazeneuve |
PS |
06 Dec 2016 - 10 May 2017 |
PS + PRG + PE |
| Édouard Philippe (I) |
LR |
17 May 2017 - 19 Jun 2017 |
REM + LR + PS + MoDem + PRG + n/p (3) |
| Édouard Philippe (II) |
LR, n/p |
21 Jun 2017 - in office |
REM + MoDem + MRSL + n/p (3) |
|
(1) RPR and DL ceased to exist on 21 Sep 2002 as parts of the process of creation of the new UMP, which was first launched on 23 Apr 2002 by supporters of president Chirac and officially founded in its constituent congress on 17 Nov 2002. As for the UDF, two members out of three, the Radical Party (Rad.) and the Popular Party for the French Democracy (PPDF), also joined UMP, leaving the Democratic Force (FD) as the sole member of the UDF.
(2) UDE joined on 11 Feb 2016.
(3) The initial composition included several LR and PS ministers. They were dissidents from their own parties, before leaving them to continue as independents.
Parties: BHE: League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights CDU: Christian Democratic Union CSU: Christian Social Union DP: German Party FDP: Free Democratic Party FVP: Liberal People's Party (1956-1957) SPD: Social Democratic Party Die Grünen: The Greens
Elections: 14 Aug 1949 / 6 Sep 1953 / 15 Sep 1957 / 17 Sep 1961 / 19 Sep 1965 / 28 Sep 1969 / 19 Nov 1972 / 3 Oct 1976 / 5 Oct 1980 / 6 Mar 1983 / 25 Jan 1987 / 2 Dec 1990 / 16 Oct 1994 / 27 Sep 1998 / 22 Sep 2002 / 18 Sep 2005 / 27 Sep 2009 / 22 Sep 2013 / 24 Sep 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Konrad Adenauer (I) |
CDU |
20 Sep 1949 - 20 Oct 1953 |
CDU + CSU + FDP + DP |
| Konrad Adenauer (II) |
CDU |
20 Oct 1953 - 29 Oct 1957 |
CDU + CSU + FDP/FVP + DP + BHE (1) |
| Konrad Adenauer (III) |
CDU |
29 Oct 1957 - 14 Nov 1961 |
CDU + CSU + DP |
| Konrad Adenauer (IV) |
CDU |
14 Nov 1961 - 14 Dec 1962 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Konrad Adenauer (V) |
CDU |
14 Dec 1962 - 16 Oct 1963 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Ludwig Erhard (I) |
CDU |
17 Oct 1963 - 26 Oct 1965 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Ludwig Erhard (II) |
CDU |
26 Oct 1965 - 01 Dec 1966 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger |
CDU |
01 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 |
CDU + CSU + SPD |
| Willy Brandt (I) |
SPD |
21 Oct 1969 - 14 Dec 1972 |
SPD + FDP |
| Willy Brandt (II) |
SPD |
15 Dec 1972 - 07 May 1974 |
SPD + FDP |
| Helmut Schmidt (I) |
SPD |
16 May 1974 - 15 Dec 1976 |
SPD + FDP |
| Helmut Schmidt (II) |
SPD |
15 Dec 1976 - 05 Nov 1980 |
SPD + FDP |
| Helmut Schmidt (III) |
SPD |
05 Nov 1980 - 01 Oct 1982 |
SPD + FDP |
| Helmut Kohl (I) |
CDU |
01 Oct 1982 - 30 Mar 1983 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Helmut Kohl (II) |
CDU |
30 Mar 1983 - 12 Mar 1987 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Helmut Kohl (III) |
CDU |
12 Mar 1987 - 18 Jan 1991 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Helmut Kohl (IV) |
CDU |
18 Jan 1991 - 17 Nov 1994 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Helmut Kohl (V) |
CDU |
17 Nov 1994 - 27 Oct 1998 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Gerhard Schröder (I) |
SPD |
27 Oct 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 |
SPD + Die Grünen |
| Gerhard Schröder (II) |
SPD |
22 Oct 2002 - 22 Nov 2005 |
SPD + Die Grünen |
| Angela Merkel (I) |
CDU |
22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 |
CDU + CSU + SPD |
| Angela Merkel (II) |
CDU |
28 Oct 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 |
CDU + CSU + FDP |
| Angela Merkel (III) |
CDU |
17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 |
CDU + CSU + SPD |
| Angela Merkel (IV) |
CDU |
14 Mar 2018 - in office |
CDU + CSU + SPD |
|
(1) The FVP was founded in Feb 1956 by splinters of FDP opposed to the party's parliamentary caucus decision to quit the Government coalition. Four Cabinet ministers, hitherto members of FDP and including vicechancellor Franz Blücher, decided to remain in office as FVP members. The two minister of BHE joined CDU in 1956.
Parties and associations:
BFD: Free Democrats Alliance
CDUD: Christian Democratic Union of Germany (merged into West German CDU on Dec 1,1990)
DA: Democratic Awakening
DBD: Democratic Peasants' Party of Germany
DJ: Democracy Now
DSU: German Christian Social Union
GL: Green League
GP: Green Party
IFM: Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
LDPD: Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
NDPD: National Democratic Party of Germany
NF: New Forum
PDS: Party of the Democratic Socialism (to Feb 4, 1990 called SED-PDS)
SED: Socialist Unity Party of Germany (communist, from Dec 15, 1989 called SED-PDS)
SPD: Social Democratic Party
UFV: Independent Women's Association
Elections: 18 Mar 1990
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Hans Modrow (I) |
SED |
13 Nov 1989 - 16 Nov 1989 |
SED |
| Hans Modrow (II) |
SED, SED-PDS |
16 Nov 1989 - 05 Feb 1990 |
SED-PDS + LDPD + DBD + CDUD + NDPD (1) |
| Hans Modrow (III) |
PDS |
05 Feb 1990 - 12 Apr 1990 |
PDS + LDPD + DBD + CDUD + NDPD + DA + SPD + UFV + NF + GP + GL + DJ + IFM (2) |
| Lothar de Maizière |
CDUD |
12 Apr 1990 - 02 Oct 1990 |
CDUD/CDU + DSU + DA + SPD + BFD (3) |
|
(1) LDPD, DBD, CDUD and NDPD belonged to the Nationale Front (NF), dominated by the SED.
(2) DA, SPD, UFV, NF, GP, GL, DJ and IFM were given a ministry without portolio.
(3) BFD withdrew on 24 Jul 1990. The GDR ceased to exist on 3 Oct 1990 upon incorporation into the Federal Republic of Germany.
 | Greek
Governments since 1981 |
Parties: ANEL: Independent Greeks KKE: Communist Party LAOS: Popular Orthodox Rally ND: New Democracy PASOK: Panhellenic Socialist Movement SYRIZA: Coalition of the Radical Left
Elections: 18 Oct 1981 / 2 Jun 1985 / 18 Jun 1989 / 5 Nov 1989 / 8 Apr 1990 / 10 Oct 1993 / 22 Sep 1996 / 9 Apr 2000 / 7 Mar 2004 / 16 Sep 2007 / 4 Oct 2009 / 6 May 2012 / 17 Jun 2012 / 25 Jan 2015
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Andreas Papandreou (I) |
PASOK |
21 Oct 1981 - 26 Jul 1985 |
PASOK |
| Andreas Papandreou (II) |
PASOK |
26 Jul 1985 - 02 Jul 1989 |
PASOK |
| Tzannis Tzannetakis |
ND |
02 Jul 1989 - 11 Oct 1989 |
ND + KKE |
| Ioannis Grivas |
n/p (acting) |
11 Oct 1989 - 23 Nov 1989 |
n/p |
| Xenophon Zolotas |
n/p |
23 Nov 1989 - 11 Apr 1990 |
ND + PASOK + KKE |
| Konstantinos Mitsotakis |
ND |
11 Apr 1990 - 13 Oct 1993 |
ND |
| Andreas Papandreou (III) |
PASOK |
13 Oct 1993 - 22 Jan 1996 |
PASOK |
| Kostas Simitis (I) |
PASOK |
22 Jan 1996 - 24 Sep 1996 |
PASOK |
| Kostas Simitis (II) |
PASOK |
24 Sep 1996 - 13 Apr 2000 |
PASOK |
| Kostas Simitis (III) |
PASOK |
13 Apr 2000 - 10 Mar 2004 |
PASOK |
| Kostas Karamanlis (I) |
ND |
10 Mar 2004 - 19 Sep 2007 |
ND |
| Kostas Karamanlis (II) |
ND |
19 Sep 2007 - 06 Oct 2009 |
ND |
| Georgios Papandreou (I) |
PASOK |
06 Oct 2009 - 07 Sep 2010 |
PASOK |
| Georgios Papandreou (II) |
PASOK |
07 Sep 2010 - 17 Jun 2011 |
PASOK |
| Georgios Papandreou (III) |
PASOK |
17 Jun 2011 - 11 Nov 2011 |
PASOK |
| Loukas Papademos |
n/p |
11 Nov 2011 - 16 May 2012 |
PASOK + ND + LAOS + n/p (1) |
| Panagiotis Pikrammenos |
n/p (interim) |
16 May 2012 - 21 Jun 2012 |
n/p |
| Antonis Samaras (I) |
ND |
21 Jun 2012 - 25 Jun 2013 |
ND + n/p (2) |
| Antonis Samaras (II) |
ND |
25 Jun 2013 - 10 Jun 2014 |
ND + PASOK |
| Antonis Samaras (III) |
ND |
10 Jun 2014 - 27 Jan 2015 |
ND + PASOK |
| Alexis Tsipras (I) |
SYRIZA |
27 Jan 2015 - 28 Aug 2015 |
SYRIZA + ANEL |
| Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou |
n/p (interim) |
28 Aug 2015 - 23 Sep 2015 |
n/p |
| Alexis Tsipras (II) |
SYRIZA |
23 Sep 2015 - in office |
SYRIZA + ANEL (3) |
|
(1) LAOS withdrew in Feb 2012.
(2) Independent ministers designated by PASOK and Dimar parties. Dimar ministers withdrew from the coalition on Jun 21, 2013.
(3) ANEL withdrew on Jan 13, 2019.
Parties: MSzMP: Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (communist, became the MSzP on Oct 7, 1989); MSzP: Hungarian Socialist Party; MDF: Hungarian Democratic Forum; FKgP: Independent Smallholders Party; KdNP: Christian Democratic People's Party; SzDSz: Free Democrats Alliance; Fidesz-MPP: Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party; Fidesz-MPSz: Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Alliance
Elections: 25 Mar-8 Apr 1990 / 9-28 May 1994 / 10-24 May 1998 / 7-21 Apr 2002 / 9-23 Apr 2006 / 11-25 Apr 2010 / 6 Apr 2014 / 8 Apr 2018
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Miklós Németh |
MSzMP/MSzP |
23 Nov 1988 - 03 May 1990 |
MSzMP/MSzP |
| József Antall |
MDF |
03 May 1990 - 12 Dec 1993 |
MDF + FKgP + KdNP |
| Péter Boross |
MDF |
12 Dec 1993 - 15 Jul 1994 |
MDF + FKgP + KdNP |
| Gyula Horn |
MSzP |
15 Jul 1994 - 06 Jul 1998 |
MSzP + SzDSz |
| Viktor Orbán (I) |
Fidesz-MPP |
06 Jul 1998 - 27 May 2002 |
Fidesz-MPP + FKgP + MDF |
| Péter Medgyessy |
n/p |
27 May 2002 - 27 Aug 2004 |
MSzP + SzDSz |
| Ferenc Gyurcsány (I) (1) |
MSzP |
27 Aug 2004 - 09 Jun 2006 |
MSzP + SzDSz |
| Ferenc Gyurcsány (II) |
MSzP |
09 Jun 2006 - 14 Apr 2009 |
MSzP + SzDSz (2) |
| Gordon Bajnai |
n/p |
14 Apr 2009 - 29 May 2010 |
MSzP |
| Viktor Orbán (II) |
Fidesz-MPSz |
29 May 2010 - 06 Jun 2014 |
Fidesz-MPSz + KdNP |
| Viktor Orbán (III) |
Fidesz-MPSz |
06 Jun 2014 - 18 May 2018 |
Fidesz-MPSz + KdNP |
| Viktor Orbán (IV) |
Fidesz-MPSz |
18 May 2018 - in office |
Fidesz-MPSz + KdNP |
|
(1) Ferenc Gyurcsány acted as prime minister from 27 Aug 2004 following Péter Medgyessy's resignation two days before; the Parliament endorsed Gyurcsány as incumbent prime minister on 29 Sep.
(2) SzDSz withdrew on 30 Apr 2008.
Parties:
AB: People's Alliance (Alþýðubandalagið, merged into SF in 1998)
AF: Social Democratic Party (Alþýðuflokkurinn, merged into SF in 1998)
BF: Citizens' Party (Borgaraflokkurinn, 1987-1994)
BF: Bright Future (Björtframtíð, 2012-)
FSF: Progressive Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn)
SF: Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin)
SSF: Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn)
VG: Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin)
Vidreisn: Reform Party
Elections: 20 Apr 1991 / 8 Apr 1995 / 8 May 1999 / 10 May 2003 / 12 May 2007 / 25 Apr 2009 / 27 Apr 2013 / 29 Oct 2016 / 28 Oct 2017
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Steingrímur Hermannsson |
FSF |
28 Sep 1988 - 30 Apr 1991 |
FSF + AF + AB + BF (1) |
| Davíd Oddsson (I) |
SSF |
30 Apr 1991 - 23 Apr 1995 |
SSF + AF |
| Davíd Oddsson (II) |
SSF |
23 Apr 1995 - 28 May 1999 |
SSF + FSF |
| Davíd Oddsson (III) |
SSF |
28 May 1999 - 23 May 2003 |
SSF + FSF |
| Davíd Oddsson (IV) |
SSF |
23 May 2003 - 15 Sep 2004 |
SSF + FSF |
| Halldór Ásgrímsson |
FSF |
15 Sep 2004 - 15 Jun 2006 |
FSF + SSF |
| Geir Hilmar Haarde (I) |
SSF |
15 Jun 2006 - 24 May 2007 |
SSF + FSF |
| Geir Hilmar Haarde (II) |
SSF |
24 May 2007 - 01 Feb 2009 |
SSF + SF |
| Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir (I) |
SF |
01 Feb 2009 - 10 May 2009 |
SF + VG |
| Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir (II) |
SF |
10 May 2009 - 23 May 2013 |
SF + VG |
| Sigmundur Davíd Gunnlaugsson |
FSF |
23 May 2013 - 07 Apr 2016 |
FSF + SSF |
| Sigurdur Ingi Jóhannsson |
FSF |
07 Apr 2016 - 11 Jan 2017 |
FSF + SSF |
| Bjarni Benediktsson |
SSF |
11 Jan 2017 - 30 Nov 2017 |
SSF + Vidreisn + BF (2) |
| Katrín Jakobsdóttir |
VG |
30 Nov 2017 - in office |
VG + SSF + FSF |
|
(1) The Citizens' Party (BF) split from the SSF in 1987 and joined Hermannsson's Cabinet on 10 Sep 1989.
(2) The BF announced it would be leaving the coalition on 14 Sep 2017
 | Irish
Governments since 1982 |
Parties:
FF: Fianna Fáil FG: Fine Gael PD: Progressive Democrats LP Labor Party DL: Democratic Left GP: Green Party
Elections: 18 Feb 1982 / 24 Nov 1982 / 17 Feb 1987 / 15 Jun 1989 / 25 Nov 1992 / 6 Jun 1997 / 17 May 2002 / 24 May 2007 / 25 Feb 2011 / 26 Feb 2016
| Prime Minister
| PM affiliation
| Tenure
| Partisan composition
| Charles Haughey (II) |
FF |
09 Mar 1982 - 14 Dec 1982 |
FF |
| Garret FitzGerald (II) |
FG |
14 Dec 1982 - 10 Mar 1987 |
FG + LP |
| Charles Haughey (III) |
FF |
10 Mar 1987 – 12 Jul 1989 |
FF |
| Charles Haughey (IV) |
FF |
12 Jul 1989 - 11 Feb 1992 |
FF + PD |
| Albert Reynolds (I) |
FF |
11 Feb 1992 - 12 Jan 1993 |
FF + PD (1) |
| Albert Reynolds (II) |
FF |
12 Jan 1993 - 15 Dec 1994 |
FF + LP (2) |
| John Bruton |
FG |
15 Dec 1994 - 26 Jun 1997 |
FG + LP + DL |
| Bertie Ahern (I) |
FF |
26 Jun 1997 - 06 Jun 2002 |
FF + PD |
| Bertie Ahern (II) |
FF |
06 Jun 2002 - 14 Jun 2007 |
FF + PD |
| Bertie Ahern (III) |
FF |
14 Jun 2007 - 07 May 2008 |
FF + PD + GP |
| Brian Cowen |
FF |
07 May 2008 - 09 Mar 2011 |
FF + PD + GP (3) |
| Enda Kenny (I) |
FG |
09 Mar 2011 - 06 May 2016 |
FG + LP |
| Enda Kenny (II) |
FG |
06 May 2016 - 14 Jun 2017
| FG |
| Leo Varadkar |
FG |
14 Jun 2017 - in office
| FG |
|
(1) PD withdrew on 4 Nov 1992.
(2) LP withdrew on 17 Nov 1994.
(3) PD self-dissolved on 20 Nov 2009, leaving the Government as a two-party Cabinet. GP withdrew on 23 Jan 2011.
This page is under construction
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URL: http://zarate.eu/europe.htm | E-mail: j96k31@gmail.com |
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