| Leaders of Greece (Hellenic Republic) |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website. Also visit a detailed page on Greek Governments since 1981 to know more about the ruling parties.
Late Parties:
AK: Agrarian Party (1926-1956) DISY: Democratic Alliance (2010-2012) - DPK: Democratic Progressive Party (1946-1949) - EEK: National Unionist Party (1935-1950) - EK: Center Union (1961-1974) - EK-ND: Centre UnionNew Forces (1974-1976) - EPEK: National Progressive Center Union (1950-1961) - ERE: National Radical Union (1955-1967) - ES: Greek Rally (1951-1955) FDK: Liberal Democratic Center (1965-1967) KF: Liberal Party (1910-1961) KGP: Georgios Papandreou Party (1950-1952) - LK: People's Party (1920-1958) - LKK: People's Social Party (1956-1961) - POLA: Political Spring (1993-2004) - SYN (Synaspismσs): Coalition of the Left and Progress/Coalition of Left Movements and Ecology (1991-2013)
Current Parties and coalitions:
ANEL: Independent Greeks (2012) - DIKKI: Democratic Social Movement (1995) - DIMAR: Democratic Left (2010) - EL: Greek Solution - KIDISO (Kνnima): Movement of Democratic Socialists (2015) - KINAL: Movement for Change (2017) - KKE: Communist Party of Greece (1918) - LAOS: Popular Orthodox Rally (2000) - ND: New Democracy (1974) - PASOK: Panhellenic Socialist Movement (1974) - SYRIZA: Coalition of the Radical Left (2004 as coalition/2013 as a party) - To Potαmi: The River (2014) - XA: Golden Dawn (1993)
Heads of State
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Kings
Georgios II 4 Nov 1935 - 1 Apr 1947 (1947) (1)
Pavlos I 1 Apr 1947 - 6 Mar 1964 (1964) (2)
Konstantinos II 6 Mar 1964 - 1 Jun 1973 (2023) (3)
Regents
Georgios Zoitakis 13 Dec 1967 - 21 Mar 1972 (1996) military
Georgios C. Papadopoulos 21 Mar 1972 - 1 Jun 1973 (1999) military
Presidents of the Republic
Georgios C. Papadopoulos 1 Jun 1973 - 25 Nov 1973 (1999) n/p (prov. to 19 Aug 1973)
Phaidon D. Gizikis 25 Nov 1973 - 14 Dec 1974 (1999) military
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 14 Dec 1974 - 18 Dec 1974 (1998) ND (acting)
Michail D. Stasinopoulos 18 Dec 1974 - 20 Jun 1975 (2002) n/p (interim)
Konstantinos D. Tsatsos 20 Jun 1975 - 14 May 1980 (1987) ND
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 15 May 1980 - 10 Mar 1985 (1998) ND
Ioannis N. Alevras 10 Mar 1985 - 29 Mar 1985 (1995) PASOK (acting)
Christos A. Sartzetakis 30 Mar 1985 - 4 May 1990 (2022) n/p
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 4 May 1990 - 10 Mar 1995 (1998) ND
Konstantinos (Kostis) Stephanopoulos10 Mar 1995 - 12 Mar 2005 (2016) n/p
Karolos G. Papoulias 12 Mar 2005 - 13 Mar 2015 (2021) PASOK
Prokopis Pavlopoulos 13 Mar 2015 - 13 Mar 2020 ND
Ekaterini Sakellaropoulou 13 Mar 2020 - n/p
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(1) Archbishop Damaskinos (born Dimitris Papandreou, +1949) acted as regent for King Georgios II from 30 Dec 1944 to 5 Sep 1946.
(2) Prince Konstantinos acted as regent for King Pavlos I from 20 Feb 1964 to 6 Mar 1964.
(3) Konstantinos II went to exile on 14 Dec 1967. The monarchy was formally abolished on 1 Jun 1973.
Prime Ministers
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Nikolaos Plastiras 3 Jan 1945 - 9 Apr 1945 (1953) military
Petros Voulgaris 9 Apr 1945 - 17 Oct 1945 (1957) military
Archbishop Dimitris P. Damaskinos 17 Oct 1945 - 1 Nov 1945 (1949) n/p (acting)
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1 Nov 1945 - 22 Nov 1945 (1986) EEK
Themistoklis P. Sophoulis 22 Nov 1945 - 4 Apr 1946 (1949) KF
Panagiotis Poulitsas 4 Apr 1946 - 18 Apr 1946 (1968) n/p
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 18 Apr 1946 - 25 Jan 1947 (1970) LK
Dimitris E. Maximos 25 Jan 1947 - 29 Aug 1947 (1955) n/p
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 29 Aug 1947 - 7 Nov 1947 (1970) LK
Themistoklis P. Sophoulis 7 Nov 1947 - 30 Jun 1949 (1949) KF
Alexandros N. Diomidis 30 Jun 1949 - 7 Jan 1950 (1951) KF
Ioannis G. Theotokis 7 Jan 1950 - 23 Mar 1950 (1961) LK
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 23 Mar 1950 - 15 Apr 1950 (1964) KF
Nikolaos Plastiras 15 Apr 1950 - 21 Aug 1950 (1953) EPEK
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 21 Aug 1950 - 1 Nov 1951 (1964) KF
Nikolaos Plastiras 1 Nov 1951 - 11 Oct 1952 (1953) EPEK
Dimitris Kiousopoulos 11 Oct 1952 - 19 Nov 1952 (1977) n/p
Alexandros L. Papagos 19 Nov 1952 - 4 Oct 1955 (1955) ES
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 4 Oct 1955 - 6 Oct 1955 (1982) LKK (acting)
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 6 Oct 1955 - 5 Mar 1958 (1998) ES, ERE
Konstantinos G. Georgakopoulos 5 Mar 1958 - 17 May 1958 (1973) n/p (interim)
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 17 May 1958 - 20 Sep 1961 (1998) ERE
Konstantinos Dovas 20 Sep 1961 - 4 Nov 1961 (1973) military (interim)
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 4 Nov 1961 - 17 Jun 1963 (1998) ERE
Panagiotis Pipinelis 17 Jun 1963 - 29 Sep 1963 (1970) ERE
Stilianos Mavromichalis 29 Sep 1963 - 8 Nov 1963 (1983) n/p
Georgios A. Papandreou 8 Nov 1963 - 30 Dec 1963 (1968) EK
Ioannis Paraskevopoulos 30 Dec 1963 - 18 Feb 1964 (1984) n/p
Georgios A. Papandreou 18 Feb 1964 - 15 Jul 1965 (1968) EK
Georgios T. Athanasiadis-Novas 15 Jul 1965 - 20 Aug 1965 (1987) EK
Elias I. Tsirimokos 20 Aug 1965 - 29 Aug 1965 (1968) EK
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 17 Nov 1965 - 22 Dec 1966 (1982) FDK
Ioannis Paraskevopoulos 22 Dec 1966 - 3 Apr 1967 (1984) n/p
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 3 Apr 1967 - 21 Apr 1967 (1986) ERE
Konstantinos V. Kollias 21 Apr 1967 - 13 Dec 1967 (1998) n/p (4)
Georgios C. Papadopoulos 13 Dec 1967 - 8 Oct 1973 (1999) military (5)
Spiros V. Markezinis 8 Oct 1973 - 25 Nov 1973 (2000) n/p (4)
Adamantios Androutsopoulos 25 Nov 1973 - 23 Jul 1974 (2000) n/p (4)
Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 23 Jul 1974 - 9 May 1980 (1998) ND
Georgios I. Rallis 9 May 1980 - 21 Oct 1981 (2006) ND
Andreas G. Papandreou 21 Oct 1981 - 2 Jul 1989 (1996) PASOK
Tzannis P. Tzannetakis 2 Jul 1989 - 11 Oct 1989 (2010) ND
Ioannis Grivas 11 Oct 1989 - 23 Nov 1989 (2016) n/p (interim)
Xenophon E. Zolotas 23 Nov 1989 - 11 Apr 1990 (2004) n/p (6)
Konstantinos K. Mitsotakis 11 Apr 1990 - 13 Oct 1993 (2017) ND
Andreas G. Papandreou 13 Oct 1993 - 22 Jan 1996 (1996) PASOK
Akis Tsohatzopoulos 20 Nov 1995 - 22 Jan 1996 (2021) PASOK (acting for Papandreou)
Kostantinos G. (Kostas) Simitis 22 Jan 1996 - 10 Mar 2004 PASOK
Konstantinos A. (Kostas) Karamanlis 10 Mar 2004 - 6 Oct 2009 ND
Giorgos A. Papandreou 6 Oct 2009 - 11 Nov 2011 PASOK
Loukas Papademos 11 Nov 2011 - 16 May 2012 n/p
Panagiotis Pikrammenos 16 May 2012 - 20 Jun 2012 n/p (interim)
Antonis Samaras 20 Jun 2012 - 26 Jan 2015 ND
Alexis Tsipras 26 Jan 2015 - 27 Aug 2015 SYRIZA
Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou 27 Aug 2015 - 21 Sep 2015 n/p (interim)
Alexis Tsipras 21 Sep 2015 - 8 Jul 2019 SYRIZA
Kyriakos Mitsotakis 8 Jul 2019 - 25 May 2023 ND
Ioannis Sarmas 25 May 2023 - 26 Jun 2023 n/p (interim)
Kyriakos Mitsotakis 26 Jun 2023 - ND
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(4) Civilian prime minister under military rule.
(5) Col. G. Papadopoulos chaired the military junta, also formed by Col. Nikolaos Makarezos and Brig. Stylianos Pattakos.
(6) Non-party prime minister but head of a multy-party coalition government.
Deputy Prime Ministers
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Kyriakos Varvaresos 1945 (1957)
Georgios Kafantaris 1945-1946 (1946)
Emmanouil Tsouderos 1945-1946 (1956) DPK
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 1947 (1970) LK
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1947 (1964) KF
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 1947-1949 (1970) LK
Alexandros N. Diomidis 1949 (1950) KF
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 1949-1950 (1970) LK
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1949-1950 (1964) KF
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1950 (1986) EEK
Georgios A. Papandreou 1950 (1968) KGP
Georgios A. Papandreou 1950-1951 (1968) KGP
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 1950 (1970) LK
Emmanouil Tsouderos 1951 (1956) KF
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1951-1952 (1964) KF
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1954-1955 (1986) ES
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 1954-1955 (1982) LKK
Andreas Apostolidis 1956-1957 (1970) ERE
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1959-1961 (1986) ERE
Ioannis Paraskevopoulos 1961 (1984) n/p
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1961-1963 (1986) ERE
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1963 (1964) EK
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 1963 (1982) EK
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 1964-1965 (1982) EK
Georgios T. Athanasiadis-Novas 1965-1966 (1987) EK
Elias I. Tsirimokos 1965-1966 (1968) EK
Grigorios Spantidakis 1967 (1996) military
Stylianos Pattakos 1967-1973 (2016) military
Dimitris Patilis 1968-1971 (1971)
Nikolaos Makarezos 1971-1973 (2009) miitary
Charilaos Mitrelias 1973 (1988) n/p
Georgios Mavros 1974 (1995) EK-ND
Konstantinos Papakonstantinou 1977-1981 (1989) ND
Evangelos Averoff-Tositsas 1981 (1990) ND
Ioannis Charalampopoulos 1985-1988 (2014) PASOK
Agamemnon Koutsogiorgas 1987-1988 (1991) PASOK
Tzannis P. Tzannetakis 1990-1993 (2010) ND
Athanasios Kanellopoulos 1990-1992 (1994) ND
Theodoros Pangalos 2009-2012 (2023) PASOK
Evangelos Venizelos 2011-2012 PASOK
Evangelos Venizelos 2013-2015 PASOK
Ioannis Dragasakis 2015 SYRIZA
Ioannis Dragasakis 2015-2019 SYRIZA
Panagiotis Pikrammenos 2019-2023 ND
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Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Ioannis Sophianopoulos 1945 (1951) AK
Petros Voulgaris 1945 (1957) military
Ioannis Politis 1945 (1959) KF
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1945 (1986) EEK
Ioannis Sophianopoulos 1945-1946 (1951) AK
Konstantinos Rentis 1946 (1958) KF
Konstantinos S. Tsaldaris 1946-1950 (1970) LK
Panagiotis Pipinelis 1950 (1970) n/p
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1950 (1964) KF
Nikolaos Plastiras 1950 (1953) EPEK
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1950-1951 (1964) KF
Ioannis Politis 1951 (1959) KF
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1951-1952 (1964) KF
Philippos Dragoumis 1952 (1980)
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 1952-1955 (1982) ES
Spyros Theotokis 1955-1956 (1988) ERE
Evangelos Averoff-Tositsas 1956-1958 (1990) ERE
Michail Pesmazoglou 1958 (1983) ERE
Evangelos Averoff-Tositsas 1958-1961 (1990) ERE
Michail Pesmazoglou 1961 (1983) ERE
Evangelos Averoff-Tositsas 1961-1963 (1990) ERE
Panagiotis Pipinelis 1963 (1970) ERE
Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras 1963 (1991) n/p
Sophoklis E. Venizelos 1963 (1964) EK
Christos Xanthopoulos-Palamas 1963-1964 (1977) n/p
Stavros Kostopoulos 1964-1965 (1968) EK
Georgios Melas 1965 (1985)
Elias I. Tsirimokos 1965-1966 (1968) EK
Stephanos C. Stephanopoulos 1966 (1982) FDK
Ioannis Toumpas 1966 (1995) EK
Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras 1966-1967 (1991) n/p
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 1967 (1986) ERE
Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras 1967 (1991) n/p
Konstantinos V. Kollias 1967 (1998) n/p
Panagiotis Pipinelis 1967-1970 (1970) n/p
Georgios C. Papadopoulos 1970-1973 (1999) military
Christos Xanthopoulos-Palamas 1973 (1977) n/p
Spiridon Tetenes 1973-1974 (1977) n/p
Konstantinos Kypraios 1974 (acting)
Georgios Mavros 1974 (1995) EK-ND
Dimitris Bitsios 1974-1977 (1984) ND
Panagiotis Papaligouras 1977-1978 (1993) ND
Georgios I. Rallis 1978-1980 (2006) ND
Konstantinos K. Mitsotakis 1980-1981 (2017) ND
Ioannis Charalambopoulos 1981-1985 (2014) PASOK
Karolos G. Papoulias 1985-1989 (2021) PASOK
Tzannis P. Tzannetakis 1989 (2010) ND
Georgios Papoulias 1989 (2009) n/p (acting)
Antonis Samaras 1989-1990 ND
Georgios Papoulias 1990 (2009) n/p
Antonis Samaras 1990-1992 ND
Konstantinos K. Mitsotakis 1992 (2017) ND
Michalis Papakonstantinou 1992-1993 (2010) ND
Karolos G. Papoulias 1993-1996 (2021) PASOK
Theodoros Pangalos 1996-1999 (2023) PASOK
Giorgos A. Papandreou 1999-2004 PASOK
Tassos Giannitsis 2004 PASOK (acting)
Petros Molyviatis 2004-2006 ND
Dora Bakoyannis 2006-2009 ND
Giorgos A. Papandreou 2009-2010 PASOK
Dimitris Droutsas 2010-2011 PASOK
Stavros Lambrinidis 2011 PASOK
Stavros Dimas 2011-2012 ND
Petros Molyviatis 2012 n/p (interim)
Dimitris Avramopoulos 2012-2013 ND
Evangelos Venizelos 2013-2015 PASOK
Nikos Kotzias 2015 SYRIZA
Petros Molyviatis 2015 ND (interim)
Nikos Kotzias 2015-2018 SYRIZA
Alexis Tsipras 2018-2019 SYRIZA
Georgios Katrougalos 2019 SYRIZA
Nikos Dendias 2019-2023 ND
Vasilios Kaskarelis 2023 n/p (interim)
Giorgos Gerapetritis 2023- ND
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Speakers of the Parlament (Vouli)
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Ioannis G. Theotokis 1946-1949 (1961) LK
Praxitelis Moutzouridis 1949-1950 (1964) LK
Dimitrios Gontikas 1950-1952 (1967) KF
Ioannis Makropoulos 1952-1953 (1954) ES
Konstantinos Rodopoulos 1953-1963 (1971) ES, ERE
Elias I. Tsirimokos 1963-1964 (1968) EK
Georgios T. Athanasiadis-Novas 1965 (1987) EK
Emmanouil Baklantzis 1965 EK (interim)
Dimitrios Papaspyrou 1965-1967 (1987) EK
Konstantinos Papakonstantinou 1974-1977 (1989) ND
Dimitrios Papaspyrou 1977-1981 (1987) EK
Ioannis N. Alevras 1981-1989 (1995) PASOK
Athanasios Tsaldaris 1989-1993 (1997) ND
Apostolos Kaklamanis 1993-2004 PASOK
Anna Benaki-Psarouda 2004-2007 ND
Dimitris Sioufas 2007-2009 (2019) ND
Philippos Petsalnikos 2009-2012 (2020) PASOK
Vyron Polydoras 2012 ND
Vangelis Meimarakis 2012-2015 ND
Zoi Konstantopoulou 2015 SYRIZA
Nikos Voutsis 2015-2019 SYRIZA
Konstantinos Tasoulas 2019- ND
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PASOK was founded by Andreas Papandreou on 3 Sep 1974.
Chairmen of ND
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Konstantinos G. Karamanlis 1974-1980 (1998)
Georgios I. Rallis 1980-1981 (2006)
Evangelos Averoff-Tositsas 1981-1984 (1990)
Konstantinos K. Mitsotakis 1984-1993 (2017)
Miltiadis Evert 1993-1997 (2011)
Konstantinos A. (Kostas) Karamanlis 1997-2009
Antonis Samaras 2009-2015
Vangelis Meimarakis 2015 (acting)
Ioannis Plakiotakis 2015-2016 (acting)
Kyriakos Mitsotakis 2016-
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ND was founded by Konstantinos Karamanlis on 4 Oct 1974.
Chairmen of SYN (1991-2013)
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Maria Damanaki 1991-1993
Nikolaos (Nikos) Konstantopoulos 1993-2004
Alexandros (Alekos) Alavanos 2004-2008
Alexis Tsipras 2008-2013
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Synaspismσs (SYN), meaning Coalition of the Left and Progress, was first launched in 1989 as a leftist electoral coalition led by the KKE and also formed by the Greek Left (EAR) and splinters of PASOK. In 1991 the KKE left the coalition and SYN became a political party properly. Since 2004 SYN, now under the name of Coalition of Left Movements and Ecology, was part of the broader Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA). On 10 Jul 2013 the party dissolved into SYRIZA, ceasing to exist.
SYRIZA was launched before the legislative election of 2004 as coalition led by the party Synaspismσs (SYN). On 22 May 2012 SYRIZA became a unified party; it held its founding congress in July 2013.
Chairmen of KINAL
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Fofi Gennimata 2018-2021 (2021)
Nikos Androulakis 2021-
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KINAL, a four-party coalition bettween PASOK, KIDISO, DIMAR and To Potαmi, was first launched on 28 Nov 2017 and formally established on 16 Mar 2018. Then, To Potαmi (2 Jul 2018) and DIMAR (20 Jan 2019) left KINAL.
General Secretaries of KKE
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Nikolaos Zachariadis 1931-1956 (1973)
Apostolos Grozos 1956 (1981)
Konstantinos Koligiannis 1956-1972 (1979)
Harilaos Florakis 1972-1989 (2005)
Grigoris Farakos 1989-1991 (2007)
Alexandra (Aleka) Papariga 1991-2013
Dimitris Koutsoumpas 2013-
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The KKE was founded in 1918.
General Secretary of XA
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Nikolaos Michaloliakos 1993-
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XA was founded on 1 Nov 1993.
Chairman of DIMAR
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Fotis Kouvelis 2010-2015
Thanasis Theocharopoulos 2015-
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DIMAR was founded on on 27 Jun 2010 by splinters of Synaspismσs.
Chairman of ANEL
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Panos Kammenos 2012-
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ANEL was founded by splinters of ND on 24 Feb 2012.
KIDISO was founded by Georgios Papandreoy and splinters of PASOK on 3 Jan 2015.
Chairman of EL
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Kyriakos Velopoulos 2016-
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EL was founded by splinters of LAOS on 28 Jun 2016.
Leader of To Potαmi
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Stavros Theodorakis 2014-
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To Potαmi was founded on 26 Feb 2014.
Chairmen of LAOS
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Georgios Karatzaferis 2000-2019
Nikolaos Salavrakos 2019-
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LAOS was founded on 14 Sep 2000 by splinters of ND.
Chairmen of DIKKI
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Dimitris K. Tsovolas 1995-2004 (2022)
Panagiotis Mantas 2004-2015
Georgios Boutris 2015-
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DIKKI was formed on 20 Dec 1995 by splinters of PASOK. In 2007 became a member of the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA).
Chairman of DISY (2010-2012)
Dora Bakoyannis 2010-2012
DISY was founded by splinters of ND on 21 Nov 2010. On 21 May 2012 the party reintegrated to ND.
Chairman of POLA (1993-2004)
Antonis Samaras 1993-2004
POLA was founded by Antonis Samaras on 30 Jun 1993 and lasted to 13 May 2014, when Samaras returned back to ND.
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