 | Leaders of Italy (Italian Republic) |
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Current parties and movements: AP: Popular Alternative (2017) - -Art.1: Article One-Democratic and Progressive Movement (2017) - Azione: Action (2019) - Cambiamo!: Let's Change! (2019) - CI: Courage Italy (2021) - EV: Green Europe (2021) - FdI: Brothers of Italy (2012) - FI: Forza Italia (1994-2009 > PdL, relaunched 2013) - IDV: Italy of Values (1998) - IV: Italia Viva (2019) - NcI: Us with Italy (2021) - LN: Northern League (1991) - LSP: League for Salvini Premier (2017) - M5S: Five Star Movement (2009) - PD: Democratic Party (2007) - PpI: Populars for Italy (2014) - PR: Radical Party (1955) - PRC: Communist Refoundation Party (1991) - PRI: Italian Republican Party (1895) - PSI: (new) Italian Socialist Party (2007) - PSDI: (new) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (2004) - RI: Italian Radicals (2001) - SI: Italian Left (2017) - UDC: Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (2002)
Late parties and coalitions: ALD: Autonomy Liberty Democracy (alliance active in Aosta Valley, 2006-2010 > ALPE) - AN: National Alliance (1994-2009 > PdL) - ApI: Alliance for Italy (2009-2016) - AR: Reformist Alliance (2007 > PD) - CCD: Christian Democratic Center (1994-2002 > UDC) - CDA: Christian Democracy for the Autonomies (2005-2009 > PdL) - CDU: United Christian Democrats (1995-2002 > UDC) - DC: Christian Democracy (1944-1994 > PPI, CCD, CDU) - DL-La Margherita: Democracy is Freedom-Daisy (2002-2007 > PD) - DS: Party of the European Socialism-Democrats of the Left (1998-2007 > PD) - FLI: Future and Freedom for Italy (2011-2014) - I Democratici/Asinello: The Democrats/Donkey (1999-2002 > DL-La Margherita) - IpF: Together for the Future (2022) - Italia di Mezzo: Middle-of-the-Road Italy (2006-2007 > PD) - L'Ulivo: Olive Tree Federation (comprising DS, DL-La Margherita and MRE, 2005-2007 > PD) - L'Unione: The Union (2005-2008, coalition comprising PD, PRC, SDI, FV, PDCI, UDEUR, IDV, RI, PSDI, SD, LD, LAL, SVP, DCU, ALD) - MRE: European Republican Movement (2001-2011 > PRI) - MSI: Italian Social Movement (1946-1994 > AN) - NCD: New Centre-Right (2013-2017 > AP) - PdA: Action Party (1942-1947) - PCI: Italian Communist Party (1921-1994 > PDS, PRC) - PDCI: Party of the Italian Communists (1998-2014) - PDL: Labour Democratic Party (1943-1948) - PdL: The People of Freedom (2009-2013 > FI, NCD) - PDL: Labour Democratic Party (1943-1948 > PSDI) - PDM: Southern Democratic Party (2006-2007 > PD) - PDS: Democratic Party of the Left (1994-1998 > DS) - PLI: Italian Liberal Party (1922-1994) - PPI: Italian People's Party (1994-2002 > DL-La Margherita) - Progetto Sardegna: Sardinia Project (2003-2007 > PD) - PSDI: (old) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1952-1998 > SDI) - PSI: (old) Italian Socialist Party (1892-1994 > SI) - RD: Democratic Republicans (2004-2007 > PD) - RI: Italian Renewal (1996-2002 > DL-La Margherita) - RNP: Rose in the Fist (2005-2007, federation comprising SDI and RI > (new) PSI) - SEL: Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016) - SC: Civic Election (2013-2019) - SDI: Italian Democratic Socialists (1998-2007 > (new) PSI) - SD: Democratic Left. For European Socialism (2007-2010) - SI: Italian Socialists (1994-1998 > SDI) - UDEUR: Union of Democrats for Europe-Populars for the South (1999-2013 > FI) - UDR: Democratic Union of the Republic (1998-1999 > UDEUR)
 Heads of State
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Kings Vittorio Emanuele III 29 Jul 1900 - 9 May 1946 (†1947) Umberto II 9 May 1946 - 18 Jun 1946 (†1983) Provisional Head of State Alcide De Gasperi 18 Jun 1946 - 1 Jul 1946 (†1954) DC (acting) Presidents of the Republic Enrico De Nicola 1 Jul 1946 - 12 May 1948 (†1959) PLI (1) Luigi Einaudi 12 May 1948 - 11 May 1955 (†1961) PLI Giovanni Gronchi 11 May 1955 - 11 May 1962 (†1978) DC Antonio Segni 11 May 1962 - 6 Dec 1964 (†1972) DC Cesare Merzagora 6 Dec 1964 - 29 Dec 1964 (†1991) DC (acting) Giuseppe Saragat 29 Dec 1964 - 29 Dec 1971 (†1988) PSDI Giovanni Leone 29 Dec 1971 - 15 Jun 1978 (†2001) DC Amintore Fanfani 15 Jun 1978 - 9 Jul 1978 (†1999) DC (acting) Alessandro (Sandro) Pertini 9 Jul 1978 - 29 Jun 1985 (†1990) PSI Francesco Maurizio Cossiga 29 Jun 1985 - 28 Apr 1992 (†2010) DC Giovanni Spadolini 28 Apr 1992 - 28 May 1992 (†1994) PRI (acting) Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 28 Apr 1992 - 15 May 1999 (†2012) DC, n/p Nicola Mancino 15 May 1999 - 18 May 1999 PPI (acting) Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 18 May 1999 - 15 May 2006 (†2016) n/p Giorgio Napolitano 15 May 2006 - 14 Jan 2015 (†2023) DS, n/p Pietro Grasso 14 Jan 2015 - 3 Feb 2015 PD (acting) Sergio Mattarella 3 Feb 2015 - n/p |
| Presidents of the Council of Ministers
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Ivanoe Bonomi 9 Jun 1944 - 21 Jun 1945 (†1951) PDL Ferruccio Parri 21 Jun 1945 - 10 Dec 1945 (†1981) PdA Alcide De Gasperi 10 Dec 1945 - 17 Aug 1953 (†1954) DC Giuseppe Pella 17 Aug 1953 - 18 Jan 1954 (†1981) DC Amintore Fanfani 18 Jan 1954 - 10 Feb 1954 (†1999) DC Mario Scelba 10 Feb 1954 - 6 Jul 1955 (†1991) DC Antonio Segni 6 Jul 1955 - 19 May 1957 (†1972) DC Adone Zoli 19 May 1957 - 1 Jul 1958 (†1960) DC Amintore Fanfani 1 Jul 1958 - 15 Feb 1959 (†1999) DC Antonio Segni 15 Feb 1959 - 26 Mar 1960 (†1972) DC Fernando Tambroni 26 Mar 1960 - 27 Jul 1960 (†1963) DC Amintore Fanfani 27 Jul 1960 - 21 Jun 1963 (†1999) DC Giovanni Leone 21 Jun 1963 - 5 Dec 1963 (†2001) DC Aldo Moro 5 Dec 1963 - 25 Jun 1968 (†1978) DC Giovanni Leone 25 Jun 1968 - 13 Dec 1968 (†2001) DC Mariano Rumor 13 Dec 1968 - 6 Aug 1970 (†1990) DC Emilio Colombo 6 Aug 1970 - 18 Feb 1972 (†2013) DC Giulio Andreotti 18 Feb 1972 - 8 Jul 1973 (†2013) DC Mariano Rumor 8 Jul 1973 - 23 Nov 1974 (†1990) DC Aldo Moro 23 Nov 1974 - 30 Jul 1976 (†1978) DC Giulio Andreotti 30 Jul 1976 - 5 Aug 1979 (†2013) DC Francesco Cossiga 5 Aug 1979 - 18 Oct 1980 (†2010) DC Arnaldo Forlani 18 Oct 1980 - 28 Jun 1981 (†2023) DC Giovanni Spadolini 28 Jun 1981 - 30 Nov 1982 (†1994) PRI Amintore Fanfani 30 Nov 1982 - 4 Aug 1983 (†1999) DC Benedettino (Bettino) Craxi 4 Aug 1983 - 18 Apr 1987 (†2000) PSI Amintore Fanfani 18 Apr 1987 - 29 Jul 1987 (†1999) DC Giovanni Giuseppe Goria 29 Jul 1987 - 13 Apr 1988 (†1994) DC Ciriaco De Mita 13 Apr 1988 - 23 Jul 1989 (†2022) DC Giulio Andreotti 23 Jul 1989 - 28 Jun 1992 (†2013) DC Giuliano Amato 28 Jun 1992 - 29 Apr 1993 PSI Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 29 Apr 1993 - 11 May 1994 (†2016) n/p Silvio Berlusconi 11 May 1994 - 17 Jan 1995 (†2023) FI Lamberto Dini 17 Jan 1995 - 18 May 1996 n/p, RI Romano Prodi 18 May 1996 - 21 Oct 1998 n/p (2) Massimo D'Alema 21 Oct 1998 - 26 Apr 2000 DS Giuliano Amato 26 Apr 2000 - 11 Jun 2001 n/p Silvio Berlusconi 11 Jun 2001 - 17 May 2006 (†2023) FI Romano Prodi 17 May 2006 - 8 May 2008 L'Ulivo/L'Unione, PD/L'Unione Silvio Berlusconi 8 May 2008 - 16 Nov 2011 (†2023) FI, PdL Mario Monti 16 Nov 2011 - 28 Apr 2013 n/p, SC Enrico Letta 28 Apr 2013 - 22 Feb 2014 PD Matteo Renzi 22 Feb 2014 - 12 Dec 2016 PD Paolo Gentiloni 12 Dec 2016 - 1 Jun 2018 PD Giuseppe Conte 1 Jun 2018 - 13 Feb 2021 n/p (3) Mario Draghi 13 Feb 2021 - 22 Oct 2022 n/p Giorgia Meloni 22 Oct 2022 - FdI |
| Vicepresidents of the Council of Ministers
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Giulio Rodinò + (†1950) DC Palmiro Togliatti 1944-1945 (†1964) PCI Manlio Brosio + (†1980) PLI Pietro Sandro Nenni 1945 (†1980) PSI Pietro Sandro Nenni 1945-1946 (†1980) PSI Randolfo Pacciardi + (†1991) PRI Giuseppe Saragat + (†1988) PSDI Luigi Einaudi 1947-1948 (†1961) PLI Attilio Piccioni + (†1976) DC Giovanni Porzio + (†1962) PLI Giuseppe Saragat 1948-1950 (†1988) PSDI (3) Attilio Piccioni 1951-1953 (†1976) DC Giuseppe Saragat 1954-1957 (†1988) PSDI Giuseppe Pella 1957-1958 (†1981) DC Antonio Segni 1958-1959 (†1972) DC Attilio Piccioni 1960-1963 (†1976) DC Petro Sandro Nenni 1963-1968 (†1980) PSI Francesco De Martino 1968-1969 (†2002) PSI Emilio Paolo Taviani 1969-1970 (†2001) DC Francesco De Martino 1970-1972 (†2002) PSI Mario Tanassi 1972-1973 (†2007) PSDI Ugo La Malfa 1974-1976 (†1979) PRI Ugo La Malfa 1979 (†1979) PRI Bruno Visentini 1979 (†1995) PRI Arnaldo Forlani 1983-1987 (†2023) DC Gianni De Michelis 1988-1989 (†2019) PSI Claudio Martelli 1989-1992 PSI Giuseppe Tatarella + (†1999) AN Roberto Maroni 1994-1995 (†2022) LN Walter Veltroni 1996-1998 PDS, DS Sergio Mattarella 1998-1999 PPI Gianfranco Fini 2001-2006 AN Marco Follini 2004-2005 UDC Giulio Tremonti 2005-2006 FI Massimo D'Alema 2006-2008 DS/L'Ulivo/L'Unione Francesco Rutelli 2006-2008 Margherita/L'Ulivo/L'Unione, PD/L'Unione Angelino Alfano 2013-2014 PdL, NCD Luigi Di Maio 2018-2019 M5S Matteo Salvini 2018-2019 LSP Matteo Salvini 2022- LSP Antonio Tajani 2022- FI |
| Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Ivanoe Bonomi 1944 (†1951) PDL (interim) Alcide De Gasperi 1944-1946 (†1954) DC Pietro Sandro Nenni 1946-1947 (†1980) PSI Carlo Sforza 1947-1951 (†1952) PRI Alcide De Gasperi 1951-1953 (†1954) DC Giuseppe Pella 1953-1954 (†1981) DC Attilio Piccioni 1954 (†1976) DC Gaetano Martino 1954-1957 (†1967) PLI Giuseppe Pella 1957-1958 (†1981) DC Amintore Fanfani 1958-1959 (†1999) DC Giuseppe Pella 1959-1960 (†1981) DC Antonio Segni 1960-1962 (†1972) DC Amintore Fanfani 1962 (†1999) DC (interim) Attilio Piccioni 1962-1963 (†1976) DC Giuseppe Saragat 1963-1964 (†1988) PSDI Aldo Moro 1964-1965 (†1978) DC (interim) Amintore Fanfani 1965 (†1999) DC Aldo Moro 1965-1966 (†1978) DC (interim) Amintore Fanfani 1966-1968 (†1999) DC Aldo Moro 1968 (†1978) DC Giuseppe Medici 1968 (†2000) DC Pietro Sandro Nenni 1968-1969 (†1980) PSI Aldo Moro 1969-1972 (†1978) DC Giuseppe Medici 1972-1973 (†2000) DC Aldo Moro 1973-1974 (†1978) DC Mariano Rumor 1974-1976 (†1990) DC Arnaldo Forlani 1976-1979 (†2023) DC Franco Maria Malfatti 1979-1980 (†1991) DC Attilio Ruffini 1980 (†2011) DC Emilio Colombo 1980-1983 (†2013) DC Giulio Andreotti 1983-1989 (†2013) DC Gianni De Michelis 1989-1992 (†2019) PSI Vincenzo Scotti 1992 DC Giuliano Amato 1992 PSI (interim) Emilio Colombo 1992-1993 (†2013) DC Beniamino Andreatta 1993-1994 (†2007) DC Leopoldo Elia 1994 (†2008) PPI Antonio Martino 1994-1995 (†2022) FI Susanna Agnelli 1995-1996 (†2009) n/p Lamberto Dini 1996-2001 RI Renato Ruggiero 2001-2002 (†2013) n/p Silvio Berlusconi 2002 (†2023) FI (interim) Franco Frattini 2002-2004 (†2022) FI Gianfranco Fini 2004-2006 AN Massimo D'Alema 2006-2008 DS/L'Ulivo/L'Unione, PD/L'Unione Franco Frattini 2008-2011 (†2022) FI, PdL Giulio Terzi di Sant'Agata 2011-2013 n/p Mario Monti 2013 SC (interim) Emma Bonino 2013-2014 RI Federica Mogherini 2014 PD Paolo Gentiloni 2014-2016 PD Angelino Alfano 2016-2018 NCD, AP Enzo Moavero Milanesi 2018-2019 n/p Luigi Di Maio 2019-2022 M5S, IpF Antonio Tajani 2022- FI |
| Ministers of Defence (4)
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Alessandro Casati 1944-1945 (†1955) PLI Stefano Jacini 1945-1946 (†1952) DC Manlio Brosio 1946 (†1980) PLI Cipriano Facchinetti 1946-1947 (†1952) PRI Luigi Gasparotto 1947 (†1954) PDL Mario Cingolani 1947 (†1970) DC Cipriano Facchinetti 1947-1948 (†1952) PRI Randolfo Pacciardi 1948-1953 (†1991) PRI Giuseppe Codacci Pisanelli 1953 (†1988) DC Emilio Paolo Taviani 1953-1958 (†2001) DC Antonio Segni 1958-1959 (†1972) DC Giulio Andreotti 1959-1966 (†2013) DC Roberto Tremelloni 1966-1968 (†1987) PSDI Luigi Gui 1968-1970 (†2010) DC Mario Tanassi 1970-1972 (†2007) SDI Franco Restivo 1972 (†1976) DC Mario Tanassi 1972-1974 (†2007) PSDI Giulio Andreotti 1974 (†2013) DC Arnaldo Forlani 1974-1976 (†2023) DC Vito Lattanzio 1976-1977 (†2010) DC Attilio Ruffini 1977-1980 (†2011) DC Adolfo Sarti 1980 (†1992) DC Lelio Lagorio 1980-1983 (†2017) PSI Giovanni Spadolini 1983-1987 (†1994) PRI Remo Gaspari 1987 (†2011) DC Valerio Zanone 1987-1989 (†2016) PLI Fermo Mino Martinazzoli 1989-1990 (†2011) DC Virginio Rognoni 1990-1992 (†2022) DC Salvo Andò 1992-1993 PSI Fabio Fabbri 1993-1994 (†2024) PSI Cesare Previti 1994-1995 FI Domenico Corcione 1995-1996 (†2020) n/p (military) Beniamino Andreatta 1996-1998 (†2007) PPI Carlo Luigi Scognamiglio 1998-1999 UDR Sergio Mattarella 1999-2001 PPI Antonio Martino 2001-2006 (†2022) FI Arturo Parisi 2006-2008 Margherita/L'Ulivo/L'Unione, PD/L'Unione Ignazio La Russa 2008-2011 AN, PdL Giampaolo Di Paola 2011-2013 n/p (military) Mario Mauro 2013-2014 SC, PpI Roberta Pinotti 2014-2018 PD Elisabetta Trenta 2018-2019 M5S Lorenzo Guerini 2019-2022 PD Guido Crosetto 2022- FdI |
| Ministers of the Interior
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Ivanoe Bonomi 1944-1945 (†1951) PDL Ferruccio Parri 1945 (†1981) PdA Giuseppe Romita 1945-1946 (†1958) PSI Alcide De Gasperi 1946-1947 (†1954) DC Mario Scelba 1947-1953 (†1991) DC Amintore Fanfani 1953-1954 (†1999) DC Giulio Andreotti 1954-1955 (†2013) DC Fernando Tambroni 1955-1959 (†1963) DC Antonio Segni 1959-1960 (†1972) DC Giuseppe Spataro 1960 (†1979) DC Mario Scelba 1960-1962 (†1991) DC Emilio Paolo Taviani 1962-1963 (†2001) DC Mariano Rumor 1963 (†1990) DC Emilio Paolo Taviani 1963-1968 (†2001) DC Franco Restivo 1968-1972 (†1976) DC Mariano Rumor 1972-1973 (†1990) DC Emilio Paolo Taviani 1973-1974 (†2001) DC Luigi Gui 1974-1976 (†2010) DC Aldo Moro 1976 (†1978) DC Francesco Cossiga 1976-1978 (†2010) DC Giulio Andreotti 1978-1979 (†2013) DC Virginio Rognoni 1979-1983 (†2022) DC Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 1983-1987 (†2012) DC Amintore Fanfani 1987-1988 (†1999) DC Antonio Gava 1988-1990 (†2008) DC Vincenzo Scotti 1990-1992 DC Nicola Mancino 1992-1994 DC Roberto Maroni 1994-1995 (†2022) LN Antonio Brancaccio 1995 (†1995) n/p Giovanni Rinaldo Coronas 1995-1996 (†2008) n/p Giorgio Napolitano 1996-1998 (†2023) PDS Rosa Russo Iervolino 1998-1999 PPI Enzo Bianco 1999-2001 D Claudio Scajola 2001-2002 FI Giuseppe Pisanu 2002-2006 FI Giuliano Amato 2006-2008 L'Ulivo/L'Unione, L'Unione Roberto Maroni 2008-2011 (†2022) LN Anna Maria Cancellieri 2011-2013 n/p Angelino Alfano 2013-2016 PdL, NCD Marco Minniti 2016-2018 PD Matteo Salvini 2018-2019 LSP Luciana Lamorgese 2019-2022 n/p Matteo Piantedosi 2022- n/p |
| Ministers of the Treasury
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Marcello Soleri 1944-1945 (†1945) PLI Federico Pietro Ricci 1945 (†1963) n/p Epicarmo Corbino 1945-1946 (†1984) PLI Giovanni Battista Bertone 1946-1947 (†1969) DC Piero Campilli 1947 (†1974) DC Luigi Einaudi 1947 (†1961) PLI Gustavo Del Vecchio 1947-1948 (†1972) n/p Giuseppe Pella 1948-1951 (†1981) DC Ezio Vanoni 1951-1952 (†1956) DC (interim) Giuseppe Pella 1952-1953 (†1981) DC (interim) Silvio Gava 1953-1956 (†1999) DC Ezio Vanoni 1956 (†1956) DC (interim) Giuseppe Medici 1956-1958 (†2000) DC Giulio Andreotti 1958-1959 (†2013) DC Fernando Tambroni 1959-1960 (†1963) DC (interim) Emilio Paolo Taviani 1960-1962 (†2001) DC Roberto Tremelloni 1962-1963 (†1987) PSDI Emilio Colombo 1963-1970 (†2013) DC Mario Ferrari Aggradi 1970-1972 (†1997) DC Emilio Colombo 1972 (†2013) DC Giovanni Francesco Malagodi 1972-1973 (†1991) PLI Ugo La Malfa 1973-1974 (†1979) PRI Emilio Colombo 1974-1976 (†2013) DC Gaetano Stammati 1976-1978 (†2002) DC Filippo Maria Pandolfi 1978-1980 DC Beniamino Andreatta 1980-1982 (†2007) DC Giovanni Giuseppe Goria 1982-1987 (†1994) DC Giuliano Amato 1987-1989 PSI Guido Carli 1989-1992 (†1993) n/p Piero Barucci 1992-1994 n/p Lamberto Dini 1994-1996 n/p Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 1996-1999 (†2016) n/p Giuliano Amato 1999-2000 n/p Vincenzo Visco 2000-2001 DS |
| Ministers of Finance
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Antonio Pesenti 1944-1945 (†1973) PCI Mauro Scoccimarro 1945-1947 (†1972) PCI Piero Campilli 1947 (†1974) DC Luigi Einaudi 1947 (†1961) PLI Giuseppe Pella 1947-1948 (†1981) DC Ezio Vanoni 1948-1954 (†1956) DC Adone Zoli 1954 (†1960) DC Roberto Tremelloni 1954-1955 (†1987) PSDI Giulio Andreotti 1955-1958 (†2013) DC Luigi Preti 1958-1959 (†2009) PSDI Emilio Paolo Taviani 1959-1960 (†2001) DC Giuseppe Trabucchi 1960-1963 (†1975) DC Mario Martinelli 1963 (†2001) DC Roberto Tremelloni 1963-1966 (†1987) PSDI Luigi Preti 1966-1968 (†2009) PSDI Mario Ferrari Aggradi 1968 (†1997) DC Oronzo Reale 1968-1969 (†1988) PRI Giacinto Bosco 1969-1970 (†1997) DC Luigi Preti 1970-1972 (†2009) PSDI Giuseppe Pella 1972 (†1981) DC Athos Valsecchi 1972-1973 (†1985) DC Emilio Colombo 1973-1974 (†2013) DC Mario Tanassi 1974 (†2007) PSDI Bruno Visentini 1974-1976 (†1995) PRI Gaetano Stammati 1976 (†2002) DC Filippo Maria Pandolfi 1976-1978 DC Franco Maria Malfatti 1978-1979 (†1991) DC Franco Reviglio 1979-1981 PSI Salvatore Rino Formica 1981-1982 PSI Francesco Forte 1982-1983 (†2022) PSI Bruno Visentini 1983-1987 (†1995) PRI Giuseppe Guarino 1987 (†2020) DC Antonio Gava 1987-1988 (†2008) DC Emilio Colombo 1988-1989 (†2013) DC Salvatore Rino Formica 1989-1992 PSI Giovanni Giuseppe Goria 1992-1993 (†1994) DC Franco Reviglio 1993 PSI Vincenzo Visco 1993 PDS Franco Gallo 1993-1994 n/p Giulio Tremonti 1994-1995 n/p Augusto Fantozzi 1995-1996 (†2019) n/p Vincenzo Visco 1996-2000 PDS Ottaviano del Turco 2000-2001 SDI Economy and Finance Giulio Tremonti 2001-2004 FI Silvio Berlusconi 2004 (†2023) FI (interim) Domenico Siniscalco 2004-2005 n/p Giulio Tremonti 2005-2006 FI Silvio Berlusconi 2006 (†2023) FI (interim) Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa 2006-2008 (†2010) L'Ulivo/L'Unione, L'Unione Giulio Tremonti 2008-2011 FI, PdL Mario Monti 2011-2012 n/p Vittorio Grilli 2012-2013 n/p Fabrizio Saccomanni 2013-2014 n/p Pier Carlo Padoan 2014-2018 n/p Giovanni Tria 2018-2019 n/p Roberto Gualtieri 2019-2021 PD Daniele Franco 2021-2022 n/p Giancarlo Giorgetti 2022- LSP |
| Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies
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Giovanni Gronchi 1948-1955 (†1978) DC Giovanni Leone 1955-1963 (†2001) DC Brunetto Bucciarelli Ducci 1963-1968 (†1994) DC Alessandro (Sandro) Pertini 1968-1976 (†1990) PSI Pietro Ingrao 1976-1979 (†2015) PCI Leonilde (Nilde) Iotti 1979-1992 (†1999) PCI Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 1992 (†2012) DC Giorgio Napolitano 1992-1994 (†2023) PCI Irene Pivetti 1994-1996 LN Luciano Violante 1996-2001 PDS/DS Pier Ferdinando Casini 2001-2006 CCD Fausto Bertinotti 2006-2008 PRC/L'Unione Gianfranco Fini 2008-2013 AN, PdL, FLI Laura Boldrini 2013-2018 SEL Roberto Fico 2018-2022 M5S Lorenzo Fontana 2022- LSP |
| Presidents of the Senate
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Ivanoe Bonomi 1948-1951 (†1951) PDL Enrico De Nicola 1951-1952 (†1959) PLI Giuseppe Paratore 1952-1953 (†1967) PLI Luigi Gasparotto 1953 (†1954) PDL Bartolomeo Meuccio Ruini 1953 (†1970) PRI Cesare Merzagora 1953-1967 (†1991) DC Ennio Zelioli Lanzini 1967-1968 (†1976) DC Amintore Fanfani 1968-1973 (†1999) DC Giovanni Spagnolli 1973-1976 (†1984) DC Amintore Fanfani 1976-1982 (†1999) DC Tommaso Morlino 1982-1983 (†1983) DC Vittorino Colombo 1983 (†1983) DC Francesco Cossiga 1983-1985 (†2010) DC Amintore Fanfani 1985-1987 (†1999) DC Giovanni Francesco Malagodi 1987 (†1991) PLI Giovanni Spadolini 1987-1994 (†1994) PRI Carlo Luigi Scognamiglio 1994-1996 FI Nicola Mancino 1996-2001 PPI Marcello Pera 2001-2006 FI Franco Marini 2006-2008 (†2021) Margherita/L'Ulivo/L'Unione, PD/L'Unione Renato Maria Schifani 2008-2013 FI, PdL Pietro Grasso 2013-2018 PD, n/p Maria Elisabetta Alberti 2018-2022 FI Ignazio La Russa 2022- FdI |
 Leaders of FdI
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Presidents Giorgia Meloni + Ignazio La Russa + Guido Crosetto 2012-2013 Ignazio La Russa 2013-2014 Giorgia Meloni 2014- |
FdI was founded by splinters of PdL on 28 Dec 2012.
 Leaders of FI
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President Silvio Berlusconi 1994-2009 (†2023) Silvio Berlusconi 2013-2023 (†2023) National coordinator Antonio Tajani 2021-2023 Secretary Antonio Tajani 2023- |
 Leaders of PdL (2009-2013)
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President Silvio Berlusconi 2007-2013 (†2023) General Secretary Angelino Alfano 2011-2013 |
  Leaders of L'Ulivo, PD
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President of L'Ulivo Romano Prodi 2005-2007 National Secretaries of PD Walter Veltroni 2007-2009 Dario Franceschini 2009 Pier Luigi Bersani 2009-2013 Guglielmo Epifani 2013 (†2021) Matteo Renzi 2013-2017 Matteo Orfini 2017 (acting) Matteo Renzi 2017-2018 Maurizio Martina 2018 (acting) Nicola Zingaretti 2019-2021 Enrico Letta 2021-2023 Elly Schlein 2023- Presidents of tne National Assembly of PD Romano Prodi 2007-2008 Anna Finocchiaro 2008-2008 (acting) Rosy Bindi 2009-2013 Marina Sereni + Ivan Scalfarotto 2013 (acting) Gianni Cuperlo 2013-2014 Matteo Orfini 2014-2019 Paolo Gentiloni 2019-2020 Valentina Cuppi 2020-2023 Stefano Bonaccini 2023- |
The Olivo Tree Federation (a.k.a. All United under the Olivo Tree), was formally constitued on 26 Feb 2005 by DS, DL-La Margherita, SDI and MRE. SDI left out in 2005. The subsequent three-party federation was the core of the broader coalition L'Unione, launched on 10 Feb 2005. On 14 Oct 2007 DS and DL-La Margherita merged with other minor forces (Italia di Mezzo, Progetto Sardegna, AR, RD and PDM) to form a single party, the PD.
 Leaders of UDC
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Presidents Rocco Buttiglione 2002-2014 Gianpiero D'Alia 2014-2016 Antonio De Poli 2016- National secretaries Marco Follini 2002-2005 Lorenzo Cesa 2005- Leaders in the Chamber of Deputies Luca Volontè 2002-2008 Pier Ferdinando Casini 2008-2012 Gian Luca Galletti 2012-2013 |
UDC was born on 6 Dec 2002 as the merger of CCD, CDU and Sergio D'Antoni's electoral list European Democracy.
 Leaders of FLI (2011-2014)
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President Gianfranco Fini 2011-2013 Coordinator Roberto Menia 2011-2014 |
FLI was established on 13 Feb 2011 by Gianfranco Fini after leaving the PdL on 30 Jul 2010. The party ceased to exist in 2014.
  Chairmen of NCD, AP
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Angelino Alfano 2013-2018 Paolo Alli 2018- |
NCD was founded by splinters of Forza Italia on 15 Nov 2013. The party was dissolved on 18 Mar 2017, being succeeded by the new AP.
 Leaders of PRC
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President Armando Cossutta 1991-1998 (†2015) National Secretaries Sergio Garavini 1991-1994 (†2001) Fausto Bertinotti 1994-2006 Franco Giordano 2006-2008 Paolo Ferrero 2008-2017 Maurizio Acerbo 2017- |
PRC was founded on 6 Feb 1991 as a movement by splinters of PCI, opposed to its transformation into PDS, and on 13 Dec 1991 it became a party.
 Leaders of PDCI (1998-2014)
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Presidents Armando Cossutta 1998-2006 (†2015) Antonino Cuffaro 2007-2013 (†2019) Manuela Palermi 2013-2014 National Secretaries Armando Cossutta 1998-2000 (†2015) Oliviero Diliberto 2000-2013 Cesare Procaccini 2013-2014 |
PDCI was founded on 11 Oct 1998 by splinters of PRC. On 23 Nov 2014 the party was transformed into the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I), which later, in 2016, evolved into the re-edition of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
  Leaders of LN, LSP
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Federal Secretaries of LN Umberto Bossi 1991-2012 Roberto Maroni 2012-2013 (†2022) Matteo Salvini 2013-2020 Igor Iezzi 2020- (acting, as commissioner) Coordinators of LN Roberto Maroni + (†2022) Roberto Calderoli + Manuela Dal Lago 2012 Federal Presidents of LN Marilena Marin 1989-1991 Franco Rocchetta 1991-1995 Stefano Stefani 1995-2002 Luciano Gasperini 2002-2005 Angelo Alessandri 2005-2012 Umberto Bossi 2012- Federal Secretaries of LSP Matteo Salvini 2020- |
Lega Nord (LN) was founded on 4 Dec 1989 as a coalition and on 8 Jan 1991 as a party. On 14 Dec 2017 Matteo Salvini launched his own Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP), a sister party.
 Heads of M5S
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Political heads Beppe Grillo 2009-2017 Luigi Di Maio 2017-2020 Vito Crimi 2020-2021 (acting) Presidents Beppe Grillo 2012-2017 Giuseppe Conte 2021-2022 (suspended by court on 7 Feb 2022) Guarantor Beppe Grillo 2017- |
The MoVimento 5 Stelle (M5S) was launched on 4 oct 2009.
 Leaders of Civic Choice (SC) (2013-2019)
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Presidents Andrea Riccardi 2013 Mario Monti 2013 Alberto Bombassei 2013-2014 Renato Balduzzi 2014 Salvatore Matarrese 2015-2016 Mariano Rabino 2017-2019 Secretaries Andrea Olivero 2013 Stefania Giannini 2013-2014 Enrico Zanetti 2015-2019 |
 Leaders of PRI
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Secretaries Randolfo Pacciardi 1945-1946 (†1991) Giulio Andrea Belloni 1946-1947 (†1957) Randolfo Pacciardi 1947 (†1991) Giulio Andrea Belloni + (†1957) Ugo La Malfa + (†1979) Oronzo Reale 1947-1948 (†1988) Giulio Andrea Belloni + (†1957) Giuseppe Chiostergi + (†1961) Amedeo Sommovigo 1948 (†1969) Giovanni Pasqualini + Franco Simoncini + Amedeo Sommovigo 1948-1949 (†1969) Oronzo Reale + (†1988) Franco Simoncini + Amedeo Sommovigo 1949-1950 (†1969) Oronzo Reale 1950-1963 (†1988) Oddo Biasini + (†2009) Claudio Salmoni + (†1970) Emanuele Terrana 1964-1965 (†1979) Ugo La Malfa 1965-1975 (†1979) Oddo Biasini 1975-1979 (†2009) Giovanni Spadolini 1979-1987 (†1994) Giorgio La Malfa 1987-2001 Francesco Nucara 2001-2013 (†2022) Corrado De Rinaldis Saponaro2017- |
The PRI was founded on 21 Apr 1895.
 Leaders of PR |
Presidents Elio Vittorini 1962-1964 (†1966) Gianfranco Spadaccia 1964-1967 (†2022) Marco Pannella 1967-1975 (†2016) Adele Faccio 1975-1976 (†2007) Marco Pannella 1976-1981 (†2016) Enzo Tortora 1981-1986 (†1988) Marco Pannella 1986-1989 (†2016) Sergio Stanzani 2011-2013 (†2013) Laura Arconti + Abdelbasset Ben Hassan + Giulio Maria Terzi di Sant'Agata + Sam Rainsy 2019- Secretaries Mario Pannunzio 1956-1959 (†1968) Leopoldo Piccardi + (†1974) Arrigo Olivetti + Franco Libonati 1959-1962 Bruno Villabruna 1962-1963 (†1971) Luca Boneschi + (†2016) Vittorio Luppi + Marco Pannella 1963-1967 (†2016) Gianfranco Spadaccia 1967-1968 (†2022) Mauro Mellini 1968-1969 (†2020) Angiolo Bandinelli 1969-1970 (†2022) Roberto Cicciomessere 1970-1971 Angiolo Bandinelli 1971-1973 (†2022) Giulio Ercolessi 1973-1974 Gianfranco Spadaccia 1974-1976 (†2022) Adelaide Aglietta 1976-1978 (†2000) Jean Fabre 1978-1979 Giuseppe Rippa 1979-1980 Francesco Rutelli 1980-1981 Marco Pannella 1981-1983 (†2016) Roberto Cicciomessere 1983-1984 Giovanni Negri 1984-1988 Sergio Stanzani 1988-1993 (†2013) Emma Bonino 1993-1995 Olivier Dupuis 1995-2003 Demba Traore 2011-2016 Rita Bernardini Antonella Casu + Sergio D'Elia + Maurizio Turco 2016-2018 Maurizio Turco 2019- |
The PR was founded by splinters of PLI on 11 Dec 1955. In 1989 the PR decided not to present lists in any type of election any more and to devote itself for political struggles on civil rights with a transnationalist and transparty perspective. To that end, it changed its name, first in 2007, informally, in Transnational Radical Party and then, in 2011, statutorily, in Transnational and Transparty Nonviolent Radical Party.
 Secretaries of PSDI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Giuseppe Saragat 1947-1948 (†1988) Alberto Simonini 1948-1949 (†1960) Ugo Guido Mondolfo 1949 (†1957) Ludovico D'Aragona 1949 (†1961) Giuseppe Saragat 1949-1952 (†1988) Ezio Vigorelli 1952 (†1964) Giuseppe Romita 1952 (†1958) Giuseppe Saragat 1952-1954 (†1988) Gianmatteo Matteotti 1954-1957 (†2000) Giuseppe Saragat 1957-1964 (†1988) Mario Tanassi 1964-1966 (†2007) --- unified with PSI --- 1966-1969 Mauro Ferri 1969-1972 (†2015) Mario Tanassi 1972 (†2007) Flavio Orlandi 1972-1975 (†2009) Mario Tanassi 1975-1976 (†2007) Giuseppe Saragat 1976 (†1988) Pier Luigi Romita 1976-1978 (†2003) Pietro Longo 1978-1985 Franco Nicolazzi 1985-1988 (†2015) Antonio Cariglia 1988-1992 (†2010) Carlo Vizzini 1992-1993 Enzo Ferri 1993-1995 (†2020) Gian Franco Schietroma 1995-1998 --- merged into SDI --- 1998-2004 Giorgio Carta 2004-2007 (†2020) Mimmo Magistro 2007-2011 Renato d'Andria 2011-2022 Carlo Vizzini 2022-The first PSDI was founded on 11 Jan 1947 as a split from the PSI and using the original name of Socialist Party of Italian Workers (PSLI). The PSLI changed its name to PSDI in 1952. From 1966 to 1969 the party was unified wih the PSI. On 8 Feb 1998 the party ceased to exist through the merger with the Socialist Party (PS) and the The Italian Socialists (SI) to create the SDI. On 9 Jan 2004 the party was re-established with the same name, Italian Democratic Socialist Party.
IDV was founded on 21 Mar 1998.
IV was founded on 18 Sep 2019. Leaders of IpF (2022) Leader Luigi Di Maio 2022 Coordinator Vincenzo Spadafora 2022IDV was founded by splinters of M5S on 21 Jun 2022 and was disbanded on 12 Oct 2022.
The Democratic Union of the Republic (UDR) was first founded on 16 Feb 1998, officially on 10 Jun 1998. Following the departures of Cossiga and Buttiglione from UDR on 24 Feb 1999, Mastella reconstitued the party as Union of the Democratic European Reformers or Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR) on 23 May 1999. Then, the party was successively called People's Alliance-UDEUR (2003-2004), Populars-UDEUR (2004-2010) and UDEUR-Populars for the South (since 25 jun 2010). The party was merged into Forza Italia on 19 Nov 2003.
The new PSI was founded on 5 Oct 2007 by the merger of six minor social-democratic parties and associations coming from the tradition of the late PSI, disbanded in 1994: the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI, Enrico Boselli), Democracy and Socialism (DS, Gavino Angius and Valdo Spini), The Italian Socialists (SI, Bobo Craxi), Nuovo PSI (faction led by Gianni De Michelis and Mauro Del Bue), Rose in the Fist (RNP, Lanfranco Turci) and Socialism is Freedom (SL, Rino Formica). Until 7 Oct 2009, the party was known simply as Socialist Party (PS).
ApI was founded on 11 Nov 2009 by splinters of PD, IDV, the new PSI and Trentino's Civica Margherita. The party was dissolved in Dec 2016.
The DC was founded on 15 Dec 1942 and ceased to exist on 18 Jan 1994.
The late PCI was founded in 1921 by splinters of the PSI. It became the PDS in its XX Congress, from 31 Jan to 4 Feb 1991. On 14 Feb 1998 the PDS was renamed to Democrats of the Left (DS) and became a party with a federal structure. Three small groups merged into it: the United Communists (CU, splinters of PRC), the Labour Federation (FL, formed by former PSI members; leader, Valdo Spini) and the Social Christians (CS, formed by former DC members; leader, Ermanno Gorrieri). In the III Congress of DS, from 3 to 5 Feb 2005, the party adopted the additional name of Party of the European Socialism. On 14 Oct 2007 the DS merged with DL-La Margherita and other minor parties to form the PD, ceasing to exist.
The late PSI was founded on 14 Aug 1892. The party approved its dissolution in its 47th Congress, on 12 Nov 1994. Following that development, a group of former PSI members (notably, Enrico Boselli and Ottaviano Del Turco) organized the Italian Socialists (SI).
The MSI was founded on 26 Dec 1946 and became a parliamentary caucus called MSI-AN on 29 Jan 1994. On 25 Jan 1995 it constitued itself as a party properly. Former MSI secretary Pino Rauti, claiming to be the legitimate heir of MSI, created the Social Movement-Three Color Flames party. AN was disbanded on 22 Mar 2009, prior to the founding congress of PdL.
The PLI was founded on 8 Oct 1992 and disbanded on 6 Feb 1994.
PPI was born founded on 18 Jan 1994 from the previous DC, which ceased to exist. Other parties emerged from the DC were CDU and CCD. In Mar 2002 PPI joined RI and I Democratici to form DL-La Margherita, ceasing to exist.
The CCD resulted from the disbanding of DC on 18 Jan 1994. On 6 Dec 2002 the party merged with the CDU and the movement European Democracy to form the UDC, ceasing to exist.
The CDU was founded on 23 Jul 1995 by members of the late DC that split from PPI. It did not exist between 18 Feb 1998 and 24 Feb 1999, during its integration in UDR. On 6 Dec 2002 it merged with the CCD and the movement European Democracy to form the UDC, ceasing to exist.
RI was founded on 26 Feb 1996 and ceased to exist in Mar 2002 through the merger with PPI and I Democratici, to form DL-La Margherita.
The founding congress of DL-La Margherita was held on 22-24 Mar 2002, as the merger of PPI, RI and I Democratici. On 14 Oct 2007 the party merged with DS and other minor parties to form the PD, ceasing to exist.
The SDI was founded on 8 Feb 1998 as the merger of the PSDI (led by Gianfranco Schietroma), the Socialist Party (PS, led by Ugo Intini) and The Italian Socialists (SI, led by Enrico Boselli and Ottaviano Del Turco). SDI was a original partner of the Olivo Tree Federation but it left in 2005 to form with the Italian Radicals the federation Rose in the Fist, a member of L'Unione coalition. On 5 Oct 2007 SDI was a constituting member of the new PSI.
The MRE was launched on 6 Mar 2001 by splinters of the PRI. From 2005 to 2007 the party was a member of the Olive Tree Federation and then, to 2010, it was associated to the PD. On 27 Feb 2011 the MRE re-joined PRI, ceasing to exist.
Art.1 was founded by splinters of PD on 25 Feb 2017.
NcI was first founded as an election list on 19 Dec 2017 and then as a party on 8 Jul 2021.
Azione was founded on 21 Nov 2019.
Cambiamo! was founded on 7 Aug 2019.
CI was founded on 14 Jul 2021.
EV founded on 10 Jul 2021 from the previous Federation of the Greens (FV).
SI was founded on 19 Feb 2017.
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Leaders of IDV
Leaders of IV
Leaders of UDR, UDEUR (1998-2013)
Leaders of the new PSI
President of ApI (2009-2016)
Leaders of DC (1944-1994)
Leaders of PCI, PDS, DS (1921-2007)
General Secretaries of PSI (1892-1994)
Leaders of MSI and AN (1946-2009)
General Secretaries of PLI (1922-1994)
Leaders of PPI (1994-2002)
Secretaries of CCD (1994-2002)
Leaders of CDU (1995-2002)
President of RI (1996-2002)
President of DL-La Margherita (2002-2007)
National Secretary of SDI (1998-2008)
Leaders of MRE (2001-2011)
Leaders of Art.1
Leaders of NcI
Leaders of Azione
Presidents of Cambiamo!
Presidents of CI
Leaders of EV
Leaders of SI
