 | Leaders of Romania |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB's website. See also the CIDOB page detailing the Romanian Governments since 1989.
Late parties and coalitions:
PCR: Romanian Communist Party (1921-1990, called Romanian Workers' Party, PMR 1948-1965) - FP: Ploughmen's Front (1933-1953) - PNT: National Peasant Party (1989-1990 > PNTCD) - PUNR: Party of Romanian National Unity (1990-2006 > PC) - FSN: National Salvation Front (1990-1992 > FDSN) - PSDR: Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990-2001 > PSD) - FDSN: Democratic National Salvation Front (1992-1993 > PDSR) - PSM: Socialist Party of Labour (1990-2003 > PSD, PAS) - PAC: Party of Civic Alliance (1991-1998 > PNL) - PUR: Humanist Party of Romania (1991-2005 > PC) - CDR: Democratic Convention of Romania (1991-2000) - ANCD: Christian Democratic National Alliance (1991-2001 > PNTCD) - PD: Democratic Party (1993-2007 > PDL) - PDSR: Party of Social Democracy in Romania (1993-2001 > PSD) - PAR: Alternative Party of Romania (1996-1999 > UFD) - ApR: Alliance for Romania (1997-2002 > PNL) - PNR: Romanian National Party (1998-2000 > AN) - UFD: Union of Rightist Forces (1999-2003 > PNL) - AN: National Alliance (2000-2001 > PD) - DA: Justice and Truth Alliance (PNL + PD, 2003-2007) - PAS: Socialist Alliance Party (2003-2015 = PSR) - PC: Conservative Party (2005-2015 > ALDE) - PLD: Liberal Democratic Party (2006-2008 > PDL) - PDL: Democratic Liberal Party (2007-2014 > PNL) - FC: Civic Force (2008-2014 > PDL) - UNPR: National Union for the Progress of Romania (2010-2016 > PMP) - ACD: Center Right Alliance (PNL + PC, 2011-2013) - USL: Social Liberal Union (PSD + ACD + UNPR, 2011-2014) - PP-DD: People's Party–Dan Diaconescu (2012-2015 > UNPR) - ACS: Centre Left Alliance (PSD + UNPR, 2012-2016) - ACL: Christian Liberal Alliance (PNL + PDL, 2014) - PLR: Liberal Reformist Party (2014-2015 > ALDE) - ALDE: Party Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (2015-2020 > PRO) - PLUS: Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (2018-2021 > USR)
Current parties and coalitions:
UDMR/RMDSZ: Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania (1989) - PNTCD: National Peasant Party Christian Democratic (1990) - PNL: National Liberal Party (1990) - PRM: Party of Great Romania (1991) - PSD: Social Democratic Party (2001) - PMP: People's Movement Party (2013) - PSR Romanian Socialist Party (2015, formerly named PAS) - USR: Save Romania Union (2016) - PRO Romania: PRO Romania Social Liberal (2018) - AUR: Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (2019)
 Heads of State
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King
Mihai I 6 Sep 1940 - 30 Dec 1947 (†2017)
Presidents of the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly
Constantin Ion Parhon 30 Dec 1947 - 2 Jun 1952 (†1969) PCR, PMR
Petru Groza 2 Jun 1952 - 7 Jan 1958 (†1958) PMR (deputy, acting)
Mihai Sadoveanu + (†1961) PMR (deputy, acting)
Anton Moisescu 7 Jan 1958 - 11 Jan 1958 (†2002) PMR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 11 Jan 1958 - 21 Mar 1961 (†2000) PMR
Chairmen of the Council of State
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 21 Mar 1961 - 19 Mar 1965 (†1965) PMR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer + (†2000) PMR (Gheorghe Tătărescuy, acting)
Stefan Voitec + (†1984) PMR (deputy, acting)
Avram Bunaciu 19 Mar 1965 - 24 Mar 1965 (†1983) PMR (deputy, acting)
Chivu Stoica 24 Mar 1965 - 9 Dec 1967 (†1975) PCR
Nicolae Ceausescu 9 Dec 1967 - 28 Mar 1974 (†1989) PCR
President of the Republic
Nicolae Ceausescu 28 Mar 1974 - 22 Dec 1989 (†1989) PCR
National Democracy Committee
22 Dec 1989 - 23 Dec 1989 military/civilian (provisional)
Council of the National Salvation Front (*)
23 Dec 1989 - 26 Dec 1989 military/civilian (provisional)
President of the National Salvation Front
Ion Iliescu 26 Dec 1989 - 13 Feb 1990 PCR, n/p
President of the Provisional National Unity Council
Ion Iliescu 13 Feb 1990 - 20 Jun 1990 FSN
Presidents of the Republic
Ion Iliescu 20 Jun 1990 - 29 Nov 1996 FSN, FDSN, PDSR
Emil Constantinescu 29 Nov 1996 - 20 Dec 2000 PNTCD
Ion Iliescu 20 Dec 2000 - 20 Dec 2004 PDSR, PSD
Traian Băsescu 20 Dec 2004 - 21 Dec 2014 PD, n/p
Nicolae Văcăroiu 20 Apr 2007 - 23 May 2007 PSD (acting for suspended Băsescu)
Crin Antonescu 10 Jul 2012 - 28 Aug 2012 PNL (acting for suspended Băsescu)
Klaus Iohannis 21 Dec 2014 - PNL, n/p
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(*) Original members of the Council of the National Salvation Front - Civilian: Ion Iliescu (spokesman), Doina Cornea (†2018), Ana Blandiana, Mircea Dinescu, László Tőkés, Dumitru Mazilu, Dan Desliu (†1992), Aurel Dragos Munteanu (†2005), Corneliu Mănescu (†2000), Alexandru Birladeanu (†1997), Silviu Brucan (†2006), Petre Roman, Ion Caramitru, Sergiu Nicolaescu (†2013), Mihai Montanu, Mihai Ispas, Gelu Voican Voiculescu, Martian Dan (†2002), Vasile Neacsa, Cristina Ciontu, Marian Baciu, Bujor-Bogdan Teodoriu (†2014), Eugenia Iorga, Paul Negritiu, Gheorghe Manole, Vladimir Ionescu, Adrian Sirbu, Constantin Cirjan, Géza Domokos (†2007), Magdalena Ionescu, Marian Mierla, Constantin Ivanovici, Vlad Ovidiu and Valeriu Bucurescu - Military: Gen. Stefan Gusa (†1994), Gen. Victor Stanculescu (†2016), Gen. Gheorghe Voinea, Cap. Mihail Lupoiu (†2012) and Cap. Emil Dumitrescu (†2019).
| Heads of Government
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Prime ministers
Constantin Sănătescu 23 Aug 1944 - 2 Dec 1944 (†1947) military
Nicolae Rădescu 2 Dec 1944 - 6 Mar 1945 (†1953) military
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Petru Groza 6 Mar 1945 - 2 Jun 1952 (†1958) FP
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 2 Jun 1952 - 2 Oct 1955 (†1965) PMR
Chivu Stoica 2 Oct 1955 - 21 Mar 1961 (†1975) PMR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 21 Mar 1961 - 29 Mar 1974 (†2000) PMR, PCR
Manea Mănescu 29 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1979 (†2009) PCR
Ilie Verdet 29 Mar 1979 - 21 May 1982 (†2001) PCR
Constantin Dăscălescu 21 May 1982 - 25 Dec 1989 (†2003) PCR
Prime ministers
Petre Roman 26 Dec 1989 - 1 Oct 1991 FSN
Theodor Stolojan 1 Oct 1991 - 4 Nov 1992 FSN
Nicolae Văcăroiu 4 Nov 1992 - 12 Dec 1996 n/p, PDSR
Victor Ciorbea 12 Dec 1996 - 30 Mar 1998 PNTCD
Gavril Dejeu 30 Mar 1998 - 17 Apr 1998 PNTCD (interim)
Radu Vasile 17 Apr 1998 - 14 Dec 1999 (†2013) PNTCD
Alexandru Athanasiu 14 Dec 1999 - 22 Dec 1999 PSDR (interim)
Mugur Isărescu 22 Dec 1999 - 28 Dec 2000 n/p
Adrian Năstase 28 Dec 2000 - 21 Dec 2004 PDSR/PSD
Eugen Bejinariu 21 Dec 2004 - 29 Dec 2004 PSD (interim)
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu 29 Dec 2004 - 22 Dec 2008 PNL
Emil Boc 22 Dec 2008 - 6 Feb 2012 PDL
Cătălin Predoiu 6 Feb 2012 - 9 Feb 2012 n/p (interim)
Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 9 Feb 2012 - 7 May 2012 n/p
Victor Ponta 7 May 2012 - 5 Nov 2015 PSD
Gabriel Oprea 23 Jun 2015 - 9 Jul 2015 UNPR (acting for Ponta)
Gabriel Oprea 29 Jul 2015 - 10 Aug 2015 UNPR (acting for Ponta)
Sorin Cîmpeanu 5 Nov 2015 - 17 Nov 2015 ALDE (interim)
Dacian Ciolos 17 Nov 2015 - 4 Jan 2017 n/p
Sorin Grindeanu 4 Jan 2017 - 29 Jun 2017 PSD
Mihai Tudose 29 Jun 2017 - 16 Jan 2018 PSD
Mihai-Viorel Fifor 16 Jan 2018 - 29 Jan 2018 PSD (interim)
Viorica Dăncilă 29 Jan 2018 - 4 Nov 2019 PSD
Ludovic Orban 4 Nov 2019 - 7 Dec 2020 PNL
Nicolae Ionel Ciucă 7 Dec 2020 - 23 Dec 2020 PNL (interim)
Florin-Vasile Cîtu 23 Dec 2020 - 25 Nov 2021 PNL
Nicolae Ionel Ciucă 25 Nov 2021 - 12 Jun 2023 PNL
Cătălin Predoiu 12 Jun 2023 - 15 Jun 2023 PNL (interim)
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu 15 Jun 2023 - PSD
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 Leaders of the PCR
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General Secretary
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Oct 1945 - 20 Apr 1954 (†1965)
First Secretaries
Gheorghe Apostol 20 Apr 1954 - 30 Sep 1955 (†2010)
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 30 Sep 1955 - 19 Mar 1965 (†1965)
General Secretary
Nicolae Ceausescu 22 Mar 1965 - 25 Dec 1989 (†1989)
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Founded in 1921, the PCR merged with a wing of the Social Democratic Party to form the Romanian Workers' Party (PMR) in Feb 1948. In Jul 1965 the party recovered the original name, PCR. It was banned by the FSN on 12 Jan 1990.
| Chairmen of the Chamber of Deputies
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Martian Dan 1990-1992 (†2002) FSN, FDSN
Adrian Năstase 1992-1996 FDSN, PDSR
Ion Diaconescu 1996-2000 (†2011) PNTCD
Valer Dorneanu 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Adrian Năstase 2004-2006 PSD
Bogdan Olteanu 2006-2008 PNL
Roberta Alma Anastase 2008-2012 PDL
Valeriu Stefan Zgonea 2012-2016 PSD
Florin Iordache 2016 PSD (acting)
Liviu Nicolae Dragnea 2016-2019 PSD
Carmen-Ileana Mihalcescu 2019 PSD (acting)
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu 2019-2020 PSD
Carmen-Ileana Mihalcescu 2020 PSD (acting)
Ludovic Orban 2020-2021 PNL
Florin Claudiu Roman 2021 PNL (acting)
Sorin Grindeanu 2021 PSD (acting)
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu 2021-2023 PSD
Alfred-Robert Simonis 2023- PSD (acting)
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| Chairmen of the Senate
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Alexandru Bârlădeanu 1990-1992 (†1997) FSN
Oliviu Gherman 1992-1996 (†2020) FDSN, PDSR
Petre Roman 1996-1999 PD
Mircea Ionescu-Quintus 2000 (†2017) PNL
Nicolae Văcăroiu 2000-2008 PDSR, PSD
Doru-Ioan Tărăcilă 2008 PSD (interim)
Ilie Sârbu 2008 PSD
Mircea Dan Geoană 2008-2011 PSD
Petru Filip 2011 PDL (interim)
Vasile Blaga 2011-2012 PDL
Crin Antonescu 2012-2014 PNL
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu 2014-2019 PLR, ALDE
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 2019-2020 ALDE
Titus Corlătean 2020 PSD (interim)
Robert Cazanciuc 2020 PSD (interim)
Anca Dragu 2020-2021 PLUS, USR
Florin-Vasile Cîtu 2021-2022 PNL
Alina-Stefania Gorghiu 2022-2023 PNL
Nicolae Ionel Ciucă 2023- PNL
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| Deputy Prime Ministers
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Mihai Draganescu 1989-1990 (†2010) FSN
Gelu Voican-Voiculescu 1989-1990 FSN
Ion Aurel Stoica 1990 (†1994) FSN
Anton Vătăsescu 1990-1990
Dan Nica 2008-2009 PSD
Vasile Blaga 2009 PDL (interim)
Béla Markó 2009-2012 UDMR/RMDSZ
Florin Georgescu 2012 n/p
Daniel Chitoiu 2012-2014 PNL
Liviu Nicolae Dragnea 2012-2014 PSD
Gabriel Oprea 2012-2015 UNPR
Daniel Constantin 2014 PC
Hunor Kelemen 2014 UDMR/RMDSZ
Csilla Hegedüs 2014 UDMR/RMDSZ
Sorin Cîmpeanu 2015 n/p (acting, interim)
Vasile Dincu 2015-2017 n/p
Costin Borc 2015-2017 n/p
Sevil Shhaideh 2017 PSD
Daniel Constantin 2017 ALDE
Augustin Jianu 2017 PSD
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu 2017-2018 PSD
Sevil Shhaideh 2017 PSD
Paul Stanescu 2017-2019 PSD
Gratiela Gavrilescu 2017-2019 ALDE
Viorel Stefan 2018-2019 PSD
Ana Birchall 2018-2019 PSD
Vasile-Daniel Suciu 2019 PSD
Eugen Teodorovici 2019 PSD (interim)
Mihai-Viorel Fifor 2019 PSD
Raluca Turcan 2019-2020 PNL
Dan Barna 2020-2021 USR
Hunor Kelemen 2020-2023 UDMR/RMDSZ
Sorin Grindeanu 2021-2023 PSD
Cătălin Predoiu 2023- PNL
Marian Neacsu 2023- PSD
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| Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Ana Pauker 1947-1952 (†1960) PCR, PMR
Simion Bughici 1952-1955 (†1997) PMR
Grigore Preoteasa 1955-1957 (†1957) PMR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 1957-1958 (†2000) PMR
Avram Bunaciu 1958-1961 (†1983) PMR
Corneliu Mănescu 1961-1972 (†2000) PMR, PCR
Gheorghe Macovescu 1972-1978 (†2002) PCR
Stefan Andrei 1978-1985 (†2014) PCR
Ilie Vaduva 1985-1986 (†1998) PCR
Ioan Totu 1986-1989 (†1992) PCR
Ion Stoian 1989 FSN
Sergiu Celac 1989-1990 FSN
Adrian Năstase 1990-1992 FSN, FDSN
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 1992-1996 FDSN, PDSR
Adrian Severin 1996-1997 PD
Andrei Plesu 1997-1999 n/p
Petre Roman 1999-2000 PD
Mircea Dan Geoană 2000-2004 n/p, PSD
Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 2004-2007 PD
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu 2007 PNL (acting)
Adrian Mihai Cioroianu 2007-2008 PNL
Lazar CoMănescu 2008 PNL
Cristian Diaconescu 2008-2009 PSD
Cătălin Predoiu 2009 n/p (acting)
Teodor Baconschi 2009-2012 PDL
Cristian Diaconescu 2012 UNPR
Andrei Marga 2012 PNL
Titus Corlătean 2012-2014 PSD
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 2014 n/p
Bogdan Lucian Aurescu 2014-2015 n/p
Lazar CoMănescu 2015-2017 n/p
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 2017-2019 ALDE
Ramona-Nicole Mănescu 2019 ALDE, n/p
Bogdan Aurescu 2019-2023 n/p
Luminita Odobescu 2023- PNL
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| Ministers of Defence
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Constantin Vasiliu-Rascanu 1945-1946 (†1980) military
Mihail Lascar 1946-1947 (†1959) military
Emil Bodnaras 1947-1955 (†1976) military
Leontin Salajan 1955-1966 (†1966) military
Ion Ionita 1966-1976 (†1987) military
Ion Coman 1976-1980 (†2015) military
Constantin Olteanu 1980-1985 (†2018) military
Vasile Milea 1985-1989 (†1989) military
Nicolae Militaru 1989-1990 (†1996) military
Victor Atanasie Stanculescu 1990-1991 (†2016) military
Niculae Spiroiu 1991-1994 (†2022) military
Gheorghe Tinca 1994-1996 PDSR
Victor Babiuc 1996-1998 (†2023) PD
Constantin Dudu Ionescu 1998 PNTCD
Victor Babiuc 1998-2000 (†2023) PD, n/p
Sorin Frunzaverde 2000 (†2019) PD
Ion Mircea Pascu 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Teodor Athanasiu 2004-2006 PNL
Sorin Frunzaverde 2006-2007 (†2019) PD
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 2007-2008 PNL
Mihai Stanisoara 2008-2009 PDL
Gabriel Oprea 2009-2012 n/p, UNPR
Corneliu Dobritoiu 2012 PNL
Mircea Dusa 2012-2015 (†2022) PSD
Mihnea Motoc 2015-2017 n/p
Gabriel-Beniamin Les 2017 PSD
Adrian Tutuianu 2017 PSD
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu 2017 PSD (acting)
Mihai-Viorel Fifor 2017-2018 PSD
Gabriel-Beniamin Les 2018-2019 PSD
Nicolae Ionel Ciucă 2019-2021 PNL
Vasile Dîncu 2021-2022 PSD
Nicolae Ionel Ciucă 2022 PNL (acting)
Angel Tîlvăr 2022- PSD
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| Ministers of the Interior
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Teohari Georgescu 1945-1952 (†1976) PCR, PMR
Alexandru Draghici 1952 (†1993) PMR
Pavel Stefan 1952-1953 (†1984) PMR
Alexandru Draghici 1953-1965 (†1993) PMR
Cornel Onescu 1965-1972 (†1993) PCR
Ion Stanescu 1972-1973 (†2010) PCR
Emil Bobu 1973-1978 (†2014) PCR
Gheorghe Homostean 1978-1987 (†2016) PCR
Tudor Postelnicu 1987-1989 (†2017) PCR
Mihai Chitac 1989-1990 (†2010) military
Doru Viorel Ursu 1990-1991 (†2024) FSN
Victor Babiuc 1991-1992 (†2023) FSN
Gheorghe Ioan Danescu 1992-1994 (†2002) military
Doru Ioan Tărăcilă 1994-1996 PDSR
Gavril Dejeu 1996-1999 PNTCD
Constantin Dudu Ionescu 1999-2000 PNTCD
Ioan Rus 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Marian Florian Saniuta 2004 PSD
Vasile Blaga 2004-2007 PD
Cristian David 2007-2008 PNL
Gabriel Oprea 2008-2009 PSD
Dan Nica 2009 PSD (interim)
Liviu Nicolae Dragnea 2009 PSD
Dan Nica 2009 PSD (acting to 2009)
Vasile Blaga 2009-2010 PDL (acting to 2009)
Constantin Traian Igas 2010-2012 PDL
Gabriel Berca 2012 PDL
Ioan Rus 2012 PSD
Mircea Dusa 2012 (†2022) PSD
Radu Stroe 2012-2014 PNL
Gabriel Oprea 2014-2015 UNPR (acting to 2014)
Sorin Cîmpeanu 2015 n/p (interim, acting)
Petre Toba 2015-2016 n/p
Dragos Tudorache 2016-2017 n/p
Carmen Daniela Dan 2017-2019 PSD
Nicolae Moga 2019 PSD
Ion Marcel Vela 2019-2020 PNL
Lucian Bode 2020-2023 PNL
Cătălin Predoiu 2023- PNL
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| Ministers of Economy and/or Finance
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Finance
Alexandru Alexandrini 1945-1947 (†1981 PNL
Vasile Luca 1947-1952 (†1963) PCR, PMR
Dumitru Petrescu 1952-1955 (†1969) PMR
Manea Mănescu 1955-1957 (†2009) PMR
Aurel Vijoli 1957-1968 (†1981) PMR, PCR
Virgil Pârvu 1968-1969 PCR
Florea Dumitrescu 1969-1978 (†2018) PCR
Paul Niculescu-Mizil 1978-1981 (†2008) PCR
Petre Gigea 1981-1986 PCR
Alexandru Babe 1986-1987 PCR
Gheorghe Paraschiv 1987-1989 PCR
Economy
Victor A. Stanculescu 1989-1990 (†2016) military
Finance
Ion Pătan 1989-1990 PCR
Theodor Stolojan 1990-1991 n/p
Economy & Finance
Eugen Dijmărescu 1991 FSN
Gheorghe Danielescu 1991-1992 PNL
Florin Georgescu 1992-1996 n/p
Finance
Mircea Ciumara 1996-1997 (†2012) PNTCD
Daniel Dăianu 1997-1998 n/p
Decebal Traian Remes 1998-2000 (†2020) PNL
Mihai Nicolae Tanasescu 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Ionut Popescu 2004-2005 PNL
Sebastian Vladescu 2005-2007 PNL
Varujan Vosganian 2007-2008 PNL
Gheorghe Pogea 2008-2009 PDL
Sebastian Vladescu 2009-2010 n/p
Gheorghe Ialomitianu 2010-2012 PDL
Bogdan Dragoi 2012 PDL
Florin Georgescu 2012 n/p
Daniel Chitoiu 2012-2014 PNL
Liviu Voinea 2014 PSD (acting)
Ioana Petrescu 2014 n/p
Darius-Bogdan Vâlcov 2014-2015 PSD
Victor Ponta 2015 PSD (acting)
Eugen Teodorovici 2015 PSD
Anca Dragu Paliu 2015-2017 n/p
Viorel Stefan 2017 PSD
Ionut Misa 2017-2018 PSD
Eugen Teodorovici 2018-2019 PSD
Florin-Vasile Cîtu 2019-2020 PNL
Alexandru Nazare 2020-2021 PNL
Florin-Vasile Cîtu 2021 PNL (acting)
Dan Vîlceanu 2021 PNL
Adrian Câciu 2021-2023 n/p, PSD
Marcel Bolos 2023- PNL
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  Leaders of FSN, FDSN, PDSR, PSD
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Presidents
Ion Iliescu 1990-1992
Oliviu Gherman 1992-1996 (†2020)
Ion Iliescu 1997-2000
Adrian Năstase 2000-2005 (acting to 2001)
Mircea Dan Geoană 2005-2010
Victor Ponta 2010-2015
Liviu Nicolae Dragnea 2015-2019
Viorica Dăncilă 2019
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu 2019- (interim to 2020)
Executive Presidents
Adrian Năstase 1993-1997
Octav Cozmâncă 2003-2005
Adrian Năstase 2005-2006
Dan Mircea Popescu 2006 (interim)
Marian Vanghelie 2006-2013
Liviu Nicolae Dragnea 2013-2015
Rovana Plumb 2015 (acting)
Valeriu Stefan Zgonea 2015-2016
Niculae Bădălău 2016-2018
Viorica Dăncilă 2018-2019
Paul Stănescu 2019 (acting)
Eugen Teodorovici 2019-2023
General Secretaries
Miron Mitrea 2005-2006
Titus Corlătean 2006-2008
Valeriu Zgonea 2008-2009
Liviu Nicolae Dragnea 2009-2013
Valeriu Zgonea 2013
Gabriela Vrânceanu-Firea2013-2014
Darius Vâlcov 2014-2015
Codrin Stefănescu 2015-2019
Mihai-Viorel Fifor 2019
Paul Stănescu 2019- (interim to 2020)
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The National Salvation Front (FSN) that came to power on 22 Dec 1989 as a civilian-military revolutionary junta constitued itself as a political party on 6 Feb 1990. On 7 Apr 1992 the pro-Iliescu wing split off and formed the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN). On 10 Jul 1993 the FDSN, the Socialist Democratic Party of Romania (PDSR), the Republican Party (PR) and the Cooperative Party (PC) merged to form the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR). On 16 Jun 2001 the PDSR merged with the Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR) to form the Social Democratic Party (PSD). On 5 Feb 2011 the PSD formed with the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Conservative Party (PC) the Social Liberal Union (USL). On 9 Aug 2012 the PSD formed with the UNPR the Centre Left Alliance (ACS), being part of USL. The USL collapsed on 25 Feb 2014 when the PNL left away.
The historical PNL (founded 1875) was disbanded by the Communists in Nov 1947 and registered again on 15 Jan 1990. In the period 1990-93 the PNL suffered three major splits: a) National Liberal Party-Young Wing (PNL-AT), then called Liberal Party '93 (PL '93); b) National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (PNL-CD); c) National Liberal Party-Campeanu (PNL-C).
a) PNL-AT (chair, Horia Mircea Rusu, +2001), founded on 23 Jul 1990, renamed PL '93 on 21 Feb 1993, became the PL (see below) in 1997. Some early dissidents constitued themselves as the Liberal Political Group in Mar 1995, merged back into the PNL on 13 May 1995.
b) PNL-CD (chair, Nicolae Cerveni, +2004), founded in Apr 1992. On 14 Jun 1997 it merged with the PL '93 (see above) to form the Liberal Party (PL, chair, Nicolae Cerveni, see below); that move caused an split led by maverick Alexandru Popovici in Mar 1997.
c) PNL-C (chair, Radu Campeanu, +2016) joined the PL to set up a Liberal Federation (FL) on 6 Mar 1998. On 27 Sep 2003 the PNL-C returned to the PNL, ceasing to exist.
The PL merged into the PNL on 4 Jul 1999, shortly after suffering a split led by Cerveni, who remained as leader of FL, then named Liberal Democratic Party (PLD). The last PL leader was Dinu Patriciu. The PNL was a member of the CDR up to Aug 2000. On 10 Jan 2011 the PNL and the PC formed the ACD alliance. On 5 Feb 2011 the ACD formed with the PSD the USL alliance. The ACD was dissolved in Nov 2013. On 25 Feb 2014 the PNL left the USL alliance, which ceased to exist. On 27 Feb 2014 a PNL group led by former party leader Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu split off to form the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR), which was founded on 2 Aug 2014 with Tariceanu as chairman. On 22 July 2014 the PNL formed with the PDL the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL). On 17 Nov 2014 the PDL merged into the PNL, ceasing to exist.
 Chairmen of USR, PLUS, USR PLUS
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Chairmen of USR
Nicusor Dan 2016-2017
Elek Levente 2017 (interim)
Dan Barna 2017-2021
Dacian Ciolos 2021-2022
Cătălin Drulă 2022-
Chairman of PLUS
Dacian Ciolos 2019-2021
Leaders of USR PLUS alliance
Dan Barna +
Dacian Ciolos 2019-2021
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USR (founded 21 Aug 2016) and PLUS (founded 26 Oct 2018) formed the USR PLUS alliance on 2 Feb 2019. Both merged into a single party, named USR, on 16 Apr 2021.
 Chairmen of AUR
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George Simion +
Claudiu Târziu 2019-2022
George Simion 2022-
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AUR was founded on 1 Dec 2019.
 Chairmen of UDMR/RMDSZ
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Géza Domokos 1989-1993
Béla Markó 1993-2011
Hunor Kelemen 2011-
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UDMR/RMDSZ was founded on 25 Dec 1989.
PRO Romania was founded on 20 Feb 2018. The party was renamed PRO Romania Social Liberal upon merger with ALDE on 8 Oct 2020.
  Chairmen of PD, PDL (1993-2014)
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Petre Roman 1993-2001
Traian Băsescu 2001-2004
Emil Boc 2004-2012 (acting to 2005)
Vasile Blaga 2012-2014
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On 28-29 May 1993 the pro-Roman wing within the FSN merged with the Democratic Party (PD) to form the Democratic Party-National Salvation Front (PD-FSN), then known simply as PD. On 27 Sep 1995 PD and PSDR formed the electoral alliance Social Democratic Union (USD). Up to 1997, several minor parties merged into the PD, ceasing to exist: the Traditional Social Democratic Party (PSDT), the Democratic Party of Labour (PDM), the Romanian Democratic Front (FDR) and the Party of Social Democratic Unity (PUSD). On 15 Dec 2007 the PD changed its name to PDL upon merger with Theodor Stolojan's PLD. On 16 Jul 2014 the PDL absorbed the Civic Force (FC). On 22 July 2014 the PDL created with the PNL the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL) and on 17 Nov 2014 the former merged into the latter, ceasing to exist.
 Leaders of PNTCD
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Chairmen
Corneliu Coposu 1989-1995 (†1995)
Ion Diaconescu 1995-2000 (†2011)
Coordinator chairman of the Transition Leadership Bureau
Constantin Dudu Ionescu 2000-2001
Chairmen
Andrei Marga 2001
Victor Ciorbea 2001-2004
Gheorghe Ciuhandu 2004-2007
Marian Petre Milut 2007-2010
Aurelian Pavelescu 2010-
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The historical PNT was founded in 1926 from the merger of the National (PNR) and Peasant (PT) parties. Disbanded by the Communists on 29 Jul 1947, it was restablished on 26 Dec 1989 and registered in Jan 1990 under the PNTCD name.
 Chairmen of PUR, PC (1991-2015)
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Dan Voiculescu 1991-2008
Daniela Popa 2008-2010
Daniel Constantin 2010-2015
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PUR was founded on 18 Dec 1991 and changed its name to PC on 7 May 2005. On 10 Jan 2011 the PC and the PNL formed the ACD alliance. On 5 Feb 2011 the ACD formed with the PSD the USL alliance, which was dissolved in Nov 2013. On 19 Jun 2015 the PC merged with the PLR to form ALDE.
PLR was founded on 3 Jul 2014 by splinters of PNL. On 19 Jun 2015 the PLR merged with to the PC to form ALDE.
 Chairmen of UNPR (2010-2016)
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Marian Sarbu 2010-2012
Gabriel Oprea 2012-2016
Valeriu Steriu 2016
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UNPR was founded by splinters of PSD and PNL in May 2010. In 2011 the UNPR absorbed the National Initiative Party (PIN) and on 20 Jul 2016 it merged within the PMP.
 Chairmen of PSM, PAS, PSR
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Ilie Verdet 1990-2000 (†2001)
Ion Sasu 2000-2003
Constantin Rotaru 2004-
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PSM was founded on 16 Nov 1990. In Jul 2003 the party merged with the PSD, but members opposed to this fusion formed a splinter group, called the PAS. On 30 Apr 2015 the PAS was renamed to PSR
ALDE was founded on 19 Jun 2015 as the merger of PLR and PC. The party merged into PRO Romania on 8 Oct 2020, ceasing to exist.
 Chairman of PP-DD (2012-2015)
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Simona Allice Man 2012-2015
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People's Party–Dan Diaconescu (PP-DD) was launched by entrepeneur Dan Diaconescu on 19 Sep 2011 and officially constituted on 29 May 2012. The party was absorbed by the UNPR on 29 Jun 2015, ceasing to exist.
 Chairmen of PMP
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Eugen Tomac 2013-2014
Elena Udrea 2014-2015
Eugen Tomac 2015
Traian Băsescu 2015-2018
Eugen Tomac 2018-
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PMP was founded on 23 Jul 2013 and registered on 29 Jan 2014 by splinters of PDL, supporters of president Traian Băsescu.
 Chairmen of PRM
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Corneliu Vadim Tudor 1991-2015 (†2015)
Emil Strainu 2015-2016
Adrian Popescu 2016-2017 (interim)
Victor Iovici 2017- (interim)
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PRM was founded on 20 Jun 1991.
 Chairmen of FC (2008-2014)
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Adrian Iurascu 2008-2012
Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 2012-2014
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FC was founded in 2008 from the previous Christian Party (PC, founded in 2004). The party merged into the PDL on 16 Jul 2014, ceasing to exist.
 Chairmen of CDR, CDR 2000 (1991-2000)
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Emil Constantinescu 1992-1996
Ion Diaconescu 1996-2000 (†2011)
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The CDR was set up in Nov 1991 as an alliance of about 20 political parties and non-party organizations to oppose the ruling FSN. Major members were PNTCD, PNL (out Apr 1992-Dec 1995), PNL-CD, PAR (quitted 27 Oct 1998), Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER) and Romanian Ecologist Federation (FER). PSDR, PL'93 and PAC quitted in Mar 1995, while UDMR was ousted as a member in Feb 1995. By early 2000 CDR was comprised by PNTCD, PNL, FER and the Romanian Ecologist Party (PER). On 31 Aug 2000 PNTCD, UFD, ANCD, FER and the Party of Moldavians (PM) set up a new, short-lived alliance called CDR 2000.
 Chairmen of PSDR (1989-2001)
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Sergiu Cunescu 1990-1999 (†2005)
Alexandru Athanasiu 1999-2001
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The historical PSDR was founded in 1893, banned in 1948 on forced to merge with the PCR. Restablished in Dec 1989, it registered on 17 Jan 1990. On 16 Jun 2001 the PSDR merged with the PDSR, forming the PSD.
 Leaders of PUNR (1990-2006)
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Chairmen
Radu Ceontea 1990-1992
Gheorghe Funar 1992-1997
Valeriu Tabara 1997-2000
Head of the provisional Commission
Valeriu Tabara 2001
Chairmen
Valeriu Tabara 2001-2002
Mircea Chelaru 2002-2006
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The PUNR began in Apr 1990 as the Romanian National Unity Party of Transylvania (PUNRT); in 1991 it became a national party an changed its name to PUNR. Gheorghe Funar was ousted as party chairman on 22 Feb 1997 and expelled from the party on 4 Nov 1997. On 25 Apr 1998 he launched his own force, the Party of Romanian Unity Alliance (PAUR), which left on 16 Nov 1998 to join Corneliu Vadim Tudor's PRM as its general secretary. The PAUR, reduced to those who didn't follow Funar, merged into the PDSR on 29 May 1999, ceasing to exist. On 9 Aug 2000 the PUNR merged with the Romanian National Party (PNR) to form the National Alliance (AN), but on 4 Feb 2001 some leaders just withdrawn from the new party decided to register the PUNR again. The PUNR actually gained its previous single status when the AN was disbanded on 23 Jun 2001. On 12 Feb 2006 it was absorbed into the Conservative Party (PC).
Chairman of PAC (1991-1998)
Nicolae Manolescu 1991-1998
PAC was founded on 1 Aug 1991 and merged into the PNL on 28 Feb 1998.
 Chairman of ApR (1997-2002)
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Teodor Viorel Melescanu 1997-2002
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ApR was registered by splinters of PDSR on 11 Aug 1997. On 19 Jan 2002 it merged with the PNL.
 Chairman of ANCD (1999-2001)
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Victor Ciorbea 1999-2001
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ANCD was founded by splinters of PNTCD on 17 Apr 1999. In Aug 2000 it was an original member of the new CDR 2000 alliance. On 6 Jun 2001 the party rejoined the PNTCD and ceased to exist.
Leaders of PNR (1998-2000)
Chairmen
Mihai Berca 1998-1999
Viorel Cataramă 1999
Virgil Magureanu 1999-2000
General Secretaties
Virgil Magureanu 1998-1999
Mircea Cranta 1999-2000
The PNR was born on 14 Mar 1998 from the merger of two parties: the Romanian Democratic Agrarian Party (PDAR, chairmen Victor Surdu 1990-97 and Mihai Berca 1997-98) and the New Romania Party (PNR, chair Ovidiu Traznea). The Liberal Christian Party (PLC) joined shortly after that year and on 29 May 1999 the PLD also merged into the PNR. On 9 Aug 2000 the PNR merged with PUNR to form the AN. On 23 Jun 2001 the AN approved to be merged into the PD, excluding the previous ranks from PUNR.
 Chairmen of AN (2000-2001)
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Virgil Magureanu +
Valeriu Tabara 2000-2001
Virgil Magureanu 2001
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The AN surged on 9 Aug 2000 as the merger of PUNR and PNR. After suffering the split of former PNUR militants, the party was disbanded on 23 Jun 2001 as it merged into the PD ranks.
 Chairmen of PAR, UFD (1996-2003)
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Varujan Vosganian 1996-1999
Varujan Vosganian +
Adrian Iorgulescu 1999-2001
Adrian Iorgulescu 2001-2003
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PAR was founded in 1996 and changed its name to UFD on 28 Mar 1999. UFD was an original member of the CDR 2000 coalition, launched in Aug 2000. On 19 Apr 2003 the party approved to merge into the PNL, so ceased to exist.
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