 | Leaders of Spain
(Kingdom of Spain) |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB's website. Also visit the page listing the Presidents of the Autonomous Communities.
Current parties and coalitions:
BComú: Barcelona in Common (Barcelona en Comú) -
BNG: Galician Nationalist Bloc (Bloque Nacionalista Galego) -
CatComú: Catalonia in Common (Catalunya en Comú, member of Sumar coalition) -
C's: Citizens–Party of the Citizenship -
Compromís: Compromise (coalition, member of Sumar coalition) -
EA: Basque Solidarity (Eusko Alkartasuna, member of EH Bildu) -
EAJ-PNV: Basque Nationalist Party -
EH Bildu: Basque Country Gather (Euskal Herria Bildu, coalition) -
ERC: Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya) -
EUiA: United Left and Alternative (Esquerra Unida i Alternativa, IU Catalonian branch) -
IU: United Left (coalition, member of Sumar coalition) -
JxCat: Togeter for Catalonia (Junts per Catalunya) -
Más Madrid: More Madrid (member of Sumar coalition)-
PCE: Communist Party of Spain (IU member) -
PP: Popular Party (to 1989, Popular Alliance, AP) -
Podemos: We Can -
PSC-PSOE: Party of Catalonia's Socialists (PSOE regional branch) -
PSOE: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party -
SMR: Sum Movement (member of Sumar coalition) -
UP: United We Can (Unidas Podemos, Podemos/IU/CatComú coalition) -
Vox: Voice
Former parties:
CDC: Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (1976-2016 = PDeCAT) -
CDS: Social and Democratic Center (1982-2006 > PP) -
CiU: Convergence and Union (federation, 1978-2015) -
ICV: Initiative for Catalonia Greens (Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds, 1987-2019) -
Más País: More Country (2019-2023 > Más Madrid) -
Movimiento Nacional: National Movement (Francoist political structure, including the single party, FET y de las JONS, 1937-1977) -
PA: Andalucist Party (1976-2015) -
PDeCAT: Catalan European Democratic Party (2016-2023) -
PSUC: United Socialist Party of Catalonia (1936-1997) -
UCD: Union of Democratic Center (1977-1983) -
UDC: Democratic Union of Catalonia (1931-2017) -
UPyD: Union, Progress and Democracy (2007-2020) -
  Heads of State
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Head of State
Francisco Franco Bahamonde 1 Apr 1939 - 20 Nov 1975 (†1975) Movimiento Nacional, military
Kings
Juan Carlos I 22 Nov 1975 - 19 Jun 2014
Felipe VI 19 Jun 2014 -
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Notes:
1. General Franco ruled as head of State from 1 Oct 1936 only in the Nationalist zone and as nationwide head of State from 1 Apr 1939, when the Republican Government surrendered and the civil war was ended.
2. Prince Juan Carlos acted for ailing Franco as interim head of State twice: from 19 Jul to 2 Sep 1974 and from 30 Oct 1975 to his death on 20 Nov 1975.
3. From Franco's death to the oath-taking of Juan Carlos as a king, the vacancy in the chairmanship of the State was filled by an interim Council of Regency. Its members were Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel y Nebreda (chairman), General Ángel Salas Larrazábal and Monsignor Pedro Cantero Cuadrado.
 Presidents of the Government
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Francisco Franco Bahamonde 1 Apr 1939 - 9 Jun 1973 (†1975) Movimiento Nacional, military
Luis Carrero Blanco 9 Jun 1973 - 20 Dec 1973 (†1973) Movimiento Nacional, military
Torcuato Fernández Miranda 20 Dec 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 (†1980) Movimiento Nacional (acting)
Carlos Arias Navarro 31 Dec 1973 - 1 Jul 1976 (†1989) Movimiento Nacional
Fernando de Santiago 1 Jul 1976 - 5 Jul 1976 (†1994) military (acting)
Adolfo Suárez González 5 Jul 1976 - 26 Feb 1981 (†2014) UCD
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo Bustelo 26 Feb 1981 - 2 Dec 1982 (†2008) UCD
Felipe González Márquez 2 Dec 1982 - 5 May 1996 PSOE
José María Aznar López 5 May 1996 - 17 Apr 2004 PP
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 17 Apr 2004 - 21 Dec 2011 PSOE
Mariano Rajoy Brey 21 Dec 2011 - 2 Jun 2018 PP
Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón 2 Jun 2018 - PSOE
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During the Spanish Civil War, General Franco ruled as head of Government from 30 Jan 1938, but only in the Nationalist zone.
| Vicepresidents of the Government
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Agustín Muñoz Grandes 1962-1967 (†1970) Movimiento Nacional, military
Luis Carrero Blanco 1967-1973 (†1973) Movimiento Nacional, military
Torcuato Fernández-Miranda 1973-1974 (†1980) Movimiento Nacional
José García Hernández 1974-1975 (†2000) Movimiento Nacional (1st)
Antonio Barrera de Irimo 1974 (†2014) Movimiento Nacional (2nd)
Licinio de la Fuente 1974-1975 (†2015) Movimiento Nacional (3rd)
Rafael Cabello de Alba 1974-1975 (†2010) Movimiento Nacional (2nd)
Fernando Suárez González 1975 Movimiento Nacional (3rd)
Fernando de Santiago 1975-1976 (†1994) Movimiento Nacional, military
Manuel Fraga Iribarne 1975-1976 (†2012) Movimiento Nacional
Juan Miguel Villar Mir 1975-1976 Movimiento Nacional
Alfonso Osorio García (2nd) 1976-1977 (†2018) Movimiento Nacional
Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado 1976-1981 (†1995) military (1st)
Enrique Fuentes Quintana 1977-1978 (†2007) UCD (2nd)
Fernando Abril Martorell 1977-1980 (†1998) UCD (3rd to 1978, 2nd from 1978)
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo 1980-1981 (†2008) UCD (2nd)
Rodolfo Martín Villa 1981-1982 UCD (1st)
Juan Antonio García Díez 1981-1982 (†1998) UCD (2nd)
Alfonso Guerra González 1982-1991 PSOE
Narcís Serra i Serra 1991-1995 PSOE
Francisco Álvarez-Cascos 1996-2000 PP (1st)
Rodrigo Rato Figaredo 1996-2004 PP (2nd to 2003, 1st from 2003)
Mariano Rajoy Brey 2000-2003 PP (1st)
Javier Arenas Bocanegra 2003-2004 PP (2nd)
María Teresa Fdz. de la Vega 2004-2010 PSOE (1st)
Pedro Solbes Mira 2004-2009 (†2023) PSOE (2nd)
Elena Salgado Méndez 2009-2011 PSOE (2nd)
Manuel Chaves González 2009-2011 PSOE (3rd)
Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba 2010-2011 (†2019) PSOE (1st)
Elena Salgado Méndez 2011 PSOE
Manuel Chaves González 2011 PSOE
Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría 2011-2018 PP
María del Carmen Calvo Poyato 2018-2021 PSOE (1st 2020-2021)
Pablo Iglesias Turrión 2020-2021 Podemos/UP (2nd)
Nadia María Calviño Santamaría 2020-2023 n/p (3rd to 2021, 2nd to 2021, 1st from 2021)
María Teresa Ribera Rodríguez 2020-2024 PSOE (4th to 2021, 3rd from 2021)
Yolanda Díaz Pérez 2021- UP, SMR (3rd to 2021, 2nd from 2021)
María Jesús Montero Cuadrado 2023- PSOE (4th to 2023, 1st from 2023)
Sara Aagesen Muñoz 2024- n/p (3rd)
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| Presidents of the legislative houses
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General Courts (single chamber)
Esteban Bilbao Eguía 1943-1965 (†1970) Movimiento Nacional
Antonio Iturmendi Bañales 1965-1969 (†1976) Movimiento Nacional
Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel 1969-1975 (†1976) Movimiento Nacional
Torcuato Fernández Miranda 1975-1977 (†1980) Movimiento Nacional
Fernando Álvarez de Miranda 1977-1979 (†2016) UCD
Congress of Deputies (lower house of the Courts)
Landelino Lavilla Alsina 1979-1982 (†2020) UCD
Gregorio Peces-Barba Martínez 1982-1986 (†2012) PSOE
Félix Pons Irazazábal 1986-1996 (†2010) PSOE
Federico Trillo-Figueroa 1996-2000 PP
Luisa Fernanda Rudi Úbeda 2000-2004 PP
Manuel Marín González 2004-2008 (†2017) PSOE
José Bono Martínez 2008-2011 PSOE
Jesús María Posada Moreno 2011-2016 PP
Patxi López Álvarez 2016 PSOE
Ana María Pastor Julián 2016-2019 PP
Meritxell Batet Lamaña 2019-2023 PSOE
Francesca Lluc Armengol Socías 2023- PSOE
Senate (upper house of the Courts)
Antonio Fontán Pérez 1977-1979 (†2010) UCD
Cecilio Valverde Mazuelas 1979-1982 (†2001) UCD
José Federico de Carvajal Pérez 1982-1989 PSOE
Juan José Laborda Martín 1989-1996 PSOE
Juan Ignacio Barrero Valverde 1996-1999 PP
Esperanza Aguirre Gil de Biedma 1999-2002 PP
Juan José Lucas Jiménez 2002-2004 PP
Francisco Javier Rojo García 2004-2011 PSOE
Pío García-Escudero Márquez 2011-2019 PP
Manuel Cruz Rodríguez 2019 PSOE
Pilar Llop Cuenca 2019-2021 PSOE
Ander Gil García 2021-2023 PSOE
Pedro Manuel Rollán Ojeda 2023- PP
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| Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Alberto Martín-Artajo Álvarez 1945-1957 (†1979) Movimiento Nacional
Fernando María de Castiella Maíz 1957-1969 (†1976) Movimiento Nacional
Gregorio López-Bravo de Castro 1969-1973 (†1985) Movimiento Nacional
Laureano López Rodó 1973-1974 (†2000) Movimiento Nacional
Pedro Cortina Mauri 1974-1975 (†1993) Movimiento Nacional
José María de Areilza 1975-1976 (†1998) Movimiento Nacional
Marcelino Oreja Aguirre 1976-1980 UCD
José Pedro Pérez Llorca 1980-1982 (†2019) UCD
Fernando Morán López 1982-1985 (†2020) PSOE
Francisco Fernández Ordóñez 1985-1992 (†1992) PSOE
Javier Solana Madariaga 1992-1995 PSOE
Carlos Westendorp Cabeza 1995-1996 PSOE
Abel Matutes Juan 1996-2000 PP
Josep Piqué i Camps 2000-2002 (†2023) PP
Ana de Palacio Vallelersundi 2002-2004 PP
Miguel Ángel Moratinos Cuyaubé 2004-2010 PSOE
Trinidad Jiménez García-Herrera 2010-2011 PSOE
José Manuel García-Margallo 2011-2016 PP
Alfonso María Dastis Quecedo 2016-2018 n/p
Josep Borrell Fontelles 2018-2019 PSOE
María Margarita Robles Fernández 2019-2020 PSOE (interim)
María Aránzazu González Laya 2020-2021 n/p
José Manuel Albares Bueno 2021- PSOE
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| Ministers of Defence
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Fernando de Santiago 1975-1976 (†1994) Movimiento Nacional, military
Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado 1976-1981 (†1995) military
Alberto Carlos Oliart Saussol 1981-1982 (†1921) UCD
Narcís Serra i Serra 1982-1991 PSOE
Julián García Vargas 1991-1995 PSOE
Gustavo Suárez Pertierra 1995-1996 PSOE
Eduardo Serra Rexach 1996-2000 PP
Federico Trillo-Figueroa 2000-2004 PP
José Bono Martínez 2004-2006 PSOE
José Antonio Alonso Suárez 2006-2008 (†2017) PSOE
Carme Chacón Piqueras 2008-2011 (†2017) PSOE
Pedro Morenés Álvarez de Eulate 2011-2016 PP
María Dolores de Cospedal García 2016-2018 PP
María Margarita Robles Fernández 2018- PSOE
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| Ministers of the Interior
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Governance
Blas Pérez González 1942-1957 (†1978) Movimiento Nacional
Camilo Alonso Vega 1957-1969 (†1971) Movimiento Nacional, military
Tomás Garicano Goñi 1969-1973 (†1988) Movimiento Nacional
Carlos Arias Navarro 1973-1974 (†1989) Movimiento Nacional
José García Hernández 1974-1975 (†2000) Movimiento Nacional
Manuel Fraga Iribarne 1975-1976 (†2012) Movimiento Nacional
Rodolfo Martín Villa 1976-1977 UCD
Interior
Rodolfo Martín Villa 1977-1979 UCD
Antonio Ibáñez Freire 1979-1980 (†2003) military
Juan José Rosón Pérez 1980-1982 (†1986) UCD
José Barrionuevo Peña 1982-1988 PSOE
José Luis Corcuera Cuesta 1988-1993 PSOE
Antoni Asunción Hernández 1993-1994 (†2016) PSOE
Juan Alberto Belloch Julbe 1994-1996 PSOE
Jaime Mayor Oreja 1996-2001 PP
Mariano Rajoy Brey 2001-2002 PP
Ángel Acebes Paniagua 2002-2004 PP
José Antonio Alonso Suárez 2004-2006 (†2017) PSOE
Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba 2006-2011 (†2019) PSOE
Antonio Camacho Vizcaíno 2011 PSOE
Jorge Fernández Díaz 2011-2016 PP
Juan Ignacio Zoido Álvarez 2016-2018 PP
Fernando Grande-Marlaska Gómez 2018- n/p
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| Ministers of Economy and Finance
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Finance (Hacienda)
Joaquín Benjumea Burín 1941-1951 (†1963) Movimiento Nacional
Francisco Gómez del Llano 1951-1957 (†1970) Movimiento Nacional
Mariano Navarro Rubio 1957-1965 (†2001) Movimiento Nacional
Juan José Espinosa San Martín 1965-1969 (†1982) Movimiento Nacional
Alberto Monreal Luque 1969-1973 (†2014) Movimiento Nacional
Antonio Barrera de Irimo 1973-1974 (†2014) Movimiento Nacional
Rafael Cabello de Alba Gracia 1974-1975 (†2010) Movimiento Nacional
Juan Miguel Villar Mir 1975-1976 Movimiento Nacional
Eduardo Carriles Galarraga 1976-1977 (†2020) n/p
Francisco Fernández Ordóñez 1977-1979 (†1992) UCD
Jaime García Añoveros 1979-1982 (†2000) UCD
Economy / Economic Affairs
Enrique Fuentes Quintana 1977-1978 (†2007) UCD
Fernando Abril Martorell 1978-1980 (†1998) UCD
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo Bustelo 1980-1981 (†2008) UCD
Juan Antonio García Díez 1981-1982 (†1998) UCD
Economy and Finance
Miguel Boyer Salvador 1982-1985 (†2014) PSOE
Carlos Solchaga Catalán 1985-1993 PSOE
Pedro Solbes Mira 1993-1996 (†2023) PSOE
Rodrigo Rato Figaredo 1996-2000 PP
Economy
Rodrigo Rato Figaredo 2000-2004 PP
Finance
Cristóbal Montoro Romero 2000-2004 PP
Economy and Finance
Pedro Solbes Mira 2004-2009 (†2023) PSOE
Elena Salgado Méndez 2009-2011 PSOE
Economy and Competitiveness
Luis de Guindos Jurado 2011-2018 PP
Román Escolano Olivares 2018 n/p
Finance and Public Administrations/Function
Cristóbal Montoro Romero 2011-2018 PP
Finance
María Jesús Montero Cuadrado 2018- PSOE
Economy and Enterprises/Economic Affairs/Digital Transformation/Trade
Nadia María Calviño Santamaría 2018-2023 n/p
Carlos Cuerpo Caballero 2023- n/p
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 Leaders of the II Republic in exile
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Presidents of the Republic
Álvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana 1940-1945 (†1954) (acting)
Diego Martínez Barrio 1945-1962 (†1962)
Luis Jiménez de Asúa 1962-1970 (†1970)
José Antonio Maldonado González 1970-1977 (†1985)
Presidents of the Government
Juan Negrín López 1939-1945 (†1956)
José Giral Pereira 1945-1947 (†1962)
Rodolfo Llopis Ferrándiz 1947 (†1983)
Álvaro de Albornoz Liminiana 1947-1951 (†1954)
Félix Gordón Ordax 1951-1960 (†1973)
Emilio Herrera Linares 1960-1962 (†1967)
Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz 1962-1971 (†1984)
Fernando Valera Aparicio 1971-1977 (†1981)
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Leaders of the National Movement
Head of the National Movement
Francisco Franco Bahamonde 1937-1975 (†1975)
Ministers Secretaries-General of the National Movement and General Secretaries of FET y de las JONS
Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta Merelo 1937-1939 (†1992)
Agustín Muñoz Grandes 1939-1940 (†1970)
José Luis de Arrese Magra 1941-1945 (†1986)
Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta Merelo 1948-1956 (†1992)
José Luis de Arrese Magra 1956-1957 (†1986)
José Solís Ruiz 1957-1969 (†1990)
Torcuato Fernández Miranda 1969-1974 (†1980)
José Utrera Molina 1974-1975 (†2017)
Fernando Herrero Tejedor 1975 (†1975)
José Solís Ruiz 1975 (†1990)
Adolfo Suárez González 1975-1976 (†2014)
Ignacio García López 1976-1977 (†2017)
The National Movement (Movimiento Nacional) was the ruling sociopolitical structure of the Francoist regime, comprising two major organizations: the sole legal party, called Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), and the sole trade union, called Organización Sindical Española (OSE).
 Leaders of PSOE
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Chairmen
Ramón Rubial Cavia 1958-1999 (†1999) (de facto to 1976)
Manuel María Chaves González 2000-2012
José Antonio Griñán Martínez 2012-2014
Micaela Navarro Garzón 2014-2016
María Cristina Narbona Ruiz 2017-
General Secretaries
Rodolfo Llopis Ferrándiz 1944-1972 (†1983)
--Collective secretaryship-- 1972-1974
Felipe González Márquez 1974-1997
José Joaquín Almunia Amann 1997-2000
Manuel María Chaves González 2000 (interim) (*)
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 2000-2012
Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba 2012-2014 (†2019)
Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón 2014-2016
Javier Fernández Fernández 2016-2017 (interim) (**)
Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón 2017-
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PSOE was founded on 2 May 1879.
(*) President of an interim political commission.
(**) President of an interim managing commission.
 Leaders of AP, PP
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Chairmen
Federico Silva Muñoz 1978 (†1997)
Félix Pastor Ridruejo 1978-1979 (†2010)
Manuel Fraga Iribarne 1979-1986 (†2012)
Miguel Herrero y Rdz. de Miñón 1986-1987 (acting)
Antonio Hernández Mancha 1987-1989
Manuel Fraga Iribarne 1989-1990 (†2012)
José María Aznar López 1990-2004
Mariano Rajoy Brey 2004-2018
Pablo Casado Blanco 2018-2022
Alberto Núñez Feijóo 2022-
General Secretaries
Manuel Fraga Iribarne 1977-1979 (†2012)
José María Ruiz-Gallardón 1979 (†1986) (acting)
Jorge Verstrynge Rojas 1979-1986
Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jiménez 1986-1987 (interim)
Arturo García Tizón 1987-1989
Francisco Álvarez-Cascos 1989-1999
Javier Arenas Bocanegra 1999-2003
Mariano Rajoy Brey 2003-2004
Ángel Acebes Paniagua 2004-2008
María Dolores de Cospedal García 2008-2018
Teodoro García Egea 2018-2022
Concepción Gamarra Ruiz-Clavijo 2022-2025
Miguel Ángel Tellado Filgueira 2025-
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AP was first launched on 5 Mar 1977 as a federation (FAP) of seven right-wing parties. In Jan 1978 the FAP became the United Party of Popular Alliance (PUAP), which for its part developed into an actual single party, AP, in Dec 1979. In the IX Congress of AP, 20-22 Jan 1989, the party changed its name to PP.
 Leaders of PCE
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General secretaries
Dolores Ibárruri Gómez 1942-1960 (†1989)
Santiago Carrillo Solares 1960-1982 (†2012)
Gerardo Iglesias Argüelles 1982-1988
Julio Anguita González 1988-1998 (†2020)
Francisco Frutos Gras 1998-2009 (†2020)
José Luis Centella Gómez 2009-2018
Enrique Fernando Santiago Romero 2018-
Chairmen
Dolores Ibárruri Gómez 1960-1989 (†1989)
José Luis Centella Gómez 2018-
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PCE was constitued on 13 Apr 1921 by splinters of PSOE.
 General Coordinators of IU
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Gerardo Iglesias Argüelles 1986-1988
Julio Anguita González 1988-2000 (†2020)
Gaspar Llamazares Trigo 2000-2008
Cayo Lara Moya 2008-2016
Alberto Carlos Garzón Espinosa 2016-2023
Enrique Fernando Santiago Romero 2023-2024 (interim)
Antonio Maíllo Cañadas 2024-
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The permanent coalition United Left (IU) was established on 27 Apr 1986 by several left-wing parties: PCE, Socialist Action Party (PASOC), Republican Left (IR), Progressive Federation (FP), the Humanist Party (PH) and the Spanish Peoples' Communist Party (PCPE), being the PCE its main member. Currently, IU is a federation of PCE, Los Verdes (The Greens) and opinion groups. Until 1998 the offices of General Secretary of PCE and General Coordinator of IU were held by the same person.
 Leaders of UCD (1977-1983)
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Chairmen
Adolfo Suárez González 1977-1981 (†2014)
Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún 1981 (†1991)
Rafael Calvo Ortega 1981 (acting)
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo Bustelo 1981-1982 (†2008)
Landelino Lavilla Alsina 1982-1983 (†2020)
General Secretaries
Rafael Arias-Salgado Montalvo 1978-1980
Rafael Calvo Ortega 1980-1981
Íñigo Cavero Lataillade 1981-1982 (†2002)
Juan Antonio Ortega Díaz-Ambrona 1982-1983
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The late UCD was first launched on 3 May 1977 as a federation of several right, centrist, liberal, christian democrat and social democrat-wing parties and groups. It was constitued as a party on 4 Aug 1977 and was dissolved on 18 Feb 1983.
 Leaders of CDS, UC-CDS (1982-2006)
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Chairmen
Adolfo Suárez González 1982-1991 (†2014)
José Ramón Caso García 1991 (acting)
Rafael Calvo Ortega 1991-1998
María Teresa Gómez-Limón Amador 1998-2006
General Secretaries
José Ramón Caso García 1982-1986
Jesús María Viana Santa Cruz 1986-1987 (†1987)
José Ramón Caso García 1987-1991
Antoni Fernández Teixidó 1991-1992
José Luis Gómez Calcerrada 1992-1994
Ferrán García Fructuoso 1994-2002
José Moreira González 2002-2006
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The CDS was founded on 29 Jul 1982 by former prime minister A. Suárez after leaving the UCD. On 25 Mar 1995 the Centrist Union (UC) was born as a federation comprised by the CDS and some liberal and green groups. Subsequently, from Nov 1995, the party was called UC-CDS. In Oct 2002 the party recovered the original name, CDS, and on 18 Feb 2006 it merged into the PP, ceasing to exist.
   Leaders of CDC, PDeCAT (1978-2023)
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Chairmen of CDC
Ramon Trias Fargas 1978-1989 (†1989)
Jordi Pujol i Soley 1989-2012
Artur Mas i Gavarró 2012-2016
Jacint Borràs i Manuel 2016-2017 (†2017)
General Secretaries of CDC
Jordi Pujol i Soley 1976-1989
Miquel Roca i Junyent 1989-1992
-- vacant -- 1992-1993
Miquel Roca i Junyent 1993-1995
Pere Esteve i Abad + (†2005)
Ramon Camp i Batalla 1995-1996
Pere Esteve i Abad 1996-2000 (†2005)
Artur Mas i Gavarró 2000-2012
Oriol Pujol i Ferrusola 2012-2013
Lluís Corominas i Díaz +
Josep Rull i Andreu 2013-2016
Chairmen of PdeCAT
Artur Mas i Gavarró 2016-2018
Neus Munté i Fernández 2018
David Bonvehí i Torras 2018-2023
General Coordinators/Secretaries of PDeCAT
Marta Pascal i Capdevila 2016-2018
Maria Àngels Chacón i Feixas 2021
Marc Solsona Aixalà 2021-2023 (acting)
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CDC was founded on 17 Nov 1974. The party was succeeded on 8 Jul 2016 by the new Catalan Democratic Party (PDC), which was registered as Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) on 29 Sep 2016. The PDeCAT was dissolved on 23 Oct 2023.
 Leaders of UDC (1931-2017)
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Chairmen of the National Council
Miquel Coll i Alentorn 1963-1988 (†1990)
Joan Rigol i Roig 1988-1990 (†2024)
1990-....
Joan-Ignasi Puigdollers i Noblom ....-2003
Ramon Espadaler i Parcerisas 2003-2014
Josep Maria Pelegrí i Aixut 2014-2017
Chairmen of the Committee of Government
Anton Cañellas i Balcells ....-1977 (†2006)
Miquel Coll i Alentorn 1977-1980 (†1990)
Joaquim Xicoy i Bassegoda 1980-1982 (†2006)
Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida 1982-1984
Concepció Ferrer i Casals 1984-1986
Francesc Borrell 1986-1987
Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida 1987-2016
General secretaries
Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida 2001-2014
Ramon Espadaler i Parcerisas 2014-2017
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UDC was founded on 7 Nov 1931 and was dissolved on 24 Mar 2017.
 Leaders of CiU (1978-2015)
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Chairmen
Jordi Pujol i Soley 2001-2004 CDC
Artur Mas i Gavarró 2004-2015 CDC
General secretaries
Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida 2001-2014 UDC
Ramon Espadaler i Parcerisas 2014-2015 UDC
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CiU was born on 19 Sep 1978 as a permanent coalition of two independent parties, CDC and UDC. On 2 Dec 2001 CiU became a two-party federation. On 18 Jun 2015 the federation was declared defunct.
 Leaders of PSC-PSOE
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Chairmen
Joan Reventós i Carner 1984-1996 (†2004)
Raimon Obiols i Germà 1996-2000
Pasqual Maragall i Mira 2000-2007
José Montilla Aguilera +
Manuela de Madre Ortega 2007-2008 (acting)
Isidre Molas i Batllori 2008-2011
Àngel Ros i Domingo 2014-2019
Núria Marín Martínez 2019-2021
Miquel Octavi Iceta i Llorens 2021-
First secretaries
Joan Reventós i Carner 1978-1983 (†2004)
Raimon Obiols i Germà 1983-1996
Narcís Serra i Serra 1996-2000
José Montilla Aguilera 2000-2011
Pere Navarro i Morera 2011-2014
Miquel Octavi Iceta i Llorens 2014-2021
Salvador Illa i Roca 2021-
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The PSC-PSOE, founded on 16 Jul 1978 as the merger of three major Catalonian Socialist groups, is not an independent party but the regional branch of the PSOE.
 Leaders of ERC
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Chairmen
Francesc Macià i Llussà 1931-1933 (†1933)
Lluís Companys i Jover 1933-1934 (†1940)
Carles Pi i Sunyer 1934-1936 (†1971)
Lluís Companys i Jover 1936-1940 (†1940)
Heribert Barrera i Costa 1991-1995 (†2011)
Jaume Campabadal i Farré 1995-1996
Jordi Carbonell i de Ballester 1996-2004 (†2016)
Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira 2004-2008
Joan Puigcercós i Boixassa 2008-2011
Oriol Junqueras i Vies 2011-2024
Marta Rovira i Vergés 2024 (interim)
Oriol Junqueras i Vies 2024-
General secretaries
Joan Lluís Pujol i Font 1931 (†1963)
Josep Tarradellas i Joan 1931-1932 (†1988)
Joan Tauler i Palomeras 1932-1938 (†1959)
Josep Tarradellas i Joan 1938-1957 (†1988)
Joan Sauret García 1957-1976 (†1985)
Heribert Barrera i Costa 1976-1987 (†2011)
Joan Hortalá i Arau 1987-1989
Ángel Colom i Colom 1989-1996
Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira 1996-2004
Joan Puigcercós i Boixassa 2004-2008
Joan Ridao i Martín 2008-2011
Marta Rovira i Vergés 2011-2024
Elisenda Alamany Gutiérrez 2024-
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ERC was founded on 19 Mar 1931.
 Coordinators of ICV (1987-2019)
|
Rafael Ribó i Massó 1987-2000
Joan Saura i Laporta 2000-2013
Joan Herrera i Torres +
Maria Dolors Camats i Luis 2013-2016
Marta Ribas Frías +
David Cid Colomer 2016-2019
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Initiative for Catalonia (IC) was introduced on 23 Feb 1987 as a federation of three Catalonian, leftist parties: PSUC, the Party of Catalonia's Communists (PCC, splinter of PSUC and retired in Mar 1989) and the Entity (Entesa) of Nationalists of the Left (ENE). In Nov 1998 the regional Green party Els Verds joined IC, which was renamed to ICV, but left it in 2007. ICV was dissolved in 2019.
 Leaders of PSUC (1936-1997)
|
General Secretaries
Joan Comorera i Soler 1936-1949 (†1958)
--Collective Secretaryship-- 1949-1956
Josep Moix i Regàs 1956-1965 (†1973)
Gregori López Raimundo 1965-1977 (†2007)
Antoni Gutiérrez Díaz 1977-1981 (†2006)
Francisco Frutos Gras 1981-1982
Antoni Gutiérrez Díaz 1982-1988 (†2006)
Rafael Ribó i Massó 1988-1997
--Collective Secretaryship-- 1997
Chairmen
Josep Moix i Regàs 1965-1973 (†1973)
Gregori López Raimundo 1977-1981 (†2007)
Pere Ardiaca i Martí 1981-1982 (†1986)
Gregori López Raimundo 1982-1985 (†2007)
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PSUC was founded on 23 Jul 1936 and dissolved on 22 Feb 1997.
 Leaders of EUiA
|
Chairmen
Juan Manuel Patón Barnés 1998-2000
Jaume Botey Vallés 2000-2002
General Coordinators
Antoni Lucchetti i Farré 1998-2000
Jordi Miralles i Conte 2000-2012
Joan Josep Nuet i Pujals 2012-2019
Co-coordinatos
Hector Sánchez Mira 2019-
Mercedes Vidal Lago 2020-
2020-
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EUiA was launched on 29-31 May 1998 as the regional branch of IU in Catalonia. It's structured as a two party federation: the PCC (former partner of ICV) and a maverick wing of PSUC called PSUC viu.
 Chairmen of the National Council (EBB) of EAJ-PNV
|
Doroteo de Ziáurriz 1935-1951 (†1951)
Juan Ajuriaguerra Ochandiano 1951-1957 (†1978)
José Aguerre Santesteban 1957-1962 (†1962)
--Collective Presidency-- 1962-1971
Mikel Isasi Gabilondo 1971-1975 (†1996)
Ignacio Unceta Urquizu 1975-1977 (†1981)
Carlos Garaikoetxea Urriza 1977-1980
Xabier Arzalluz Antia 1980-1984 (†2019)
Román Sodupe Olaizola 1984-1985
Jesús Insausti Urquirizar 1985-1986 (†1993)
Xabier Arzalluz Antia 1986-2004 (†2019)
Josu Jon Imaz San Miguel 2004-2007
Iñigo Urkullu Rentería 2007-2013
Andoni Ortuzar Arruabarrena 2013-2025
Luis Aitor Esteban Bravo 2025-
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PNV was constitued on 31 Jul 1895.
 Leaders of EA
|
Chairmen
Manuel Ibarrondo Aguirregabiria 1986-1987 (provisional)
Carlos Garaikoetxea Urriza 1987-1999
Begoña Errazti Esnal 1999-2007
Unai Ziarreta Bilbao 2007-2009
Koldo Amezketa Diaz 2009 (acting)
General Secretaries
Ignacio María Oliveri Albisu 1987-1998
Gorka Knörr Borràs 1998-2004
Unai Ziarreta Bilbao 2004-2007
Joseba Mirena Azkarraga Rodero 2007-2009
Pello Urizar Karetxe 2009-2019
Joseba Gezuraga Uribarren 2019 (acting)
Eva Blanco de Angulo 2019-
|
EA was founded on 4 Sep 1986 (registered 11 Oct 1986) by splinters of EAJ-PNV.
 National Spokespersons of BNG
|
Xosé Manuel Beiras Torrado 1982-2003
Anxo Manuel Quintana González 2003-2009
Guillerme Vázquez Vázquez 2009-2013
Xavier Vence Deza 2013-2016
Ana Belén Pontón Mondelo 2016-
|
BNG was founded on 25 Sep 1982 as the merger of the Galician Socialist Party (PSG) and the Galician National Popular Bloc (BPNG). Currently consists on a five-party permanent coalition.
 Leaders of PA (1976-2015)
|
Collective Secretaryship
Alejandro Rojas-Marcos +
Luis Uruñuela Fernández +
Miguel Ángel Arredonda Crecente 1976-1979
First Secretary
Alejandro Rojas-Marcos 1979-1981
General Secretaries
Alejandro Rojas-Marcos 1981-1982
Luis Uruñuela Fernández 1982-1986
Salvador Pérez Bueno 1986-1991
Miguel Ángel Arredonda Crecente 1991-1995
Antonio Ortega García 1995-2004
Julián Álvarez Ortega 2004-2008
Pilar González Modino 2008-2012
Antonio Jesús Ruiz 2012-2015
Chairmen
Luis Uruñuela Fernández 1981-1982
Diego de los Santos López 1982-1986
Pedro Pacheco Herrera 1986-1991
Alejandro Rojas-Marcos 1991-1994
Antonio Moreno Olmedo 1994-1996
Alejandro Rojas-Marcos 1996-2004
Miguel Ángel Arredonda Crecente 2004 (acting)
|
The PA was founded in Jun 1976 under the name of Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA). In Jan 1979 the PSA added the label of Andalusian Party (PSA-PA). In Feb 1984 the PSA-PA was renamed to Andalucist Party (PA). The party was dissolved on 12 Sep 2015
 Leaders of Podemos
|
General Secretaries
Pablo Manuel Iglesias Turrión 2014-2021
Ione Belarra Urteaga 2021-
Spokespersons in the Congress of Deputies
Íñigo Errejón Galván 2016-2017
Irene María Montero Gil 2017-2020
Pablo Echenique Robba 2020-2023
|
Podemos was founded on 17 Jan 2014 (registered on 11 Mar 2014).
 Leaders of C's
|
Chairmen
Albert Rivera Díaz 2006-2019
José Manuel Villegas Pérez 2019-2020 (acting)
Inés Arrimadas García 2020-2023
General Secretaries
Antonio Robles Almeida 2006-2007
Manuel García Bofill 2007-2009
Matías Alonso Ruiz 2009-2017
José Manuel Villegas Pérez 2017-2020
Marina Bravo Sobrino 2020-2023
Adrián Vázquez Lázara 2023-2024
Carlos Pérez-Nievas 2024-
Spokespersons
Edmundo Bal Francés 2021-2023
Patricia Guasp Barrero 2023
Jordi Cañas Pérez 2023-
|
Ciudadanos–Partido de la Ciudadanía was founded on 9 Jul 2006.
 Leaders of Vox
|
Chairmen
Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca 2014
José Luis González Quirós 2014
Santiago Abascal Conde 2014-
General Secretaries
Iván Espinosa de los Monteros 2013-2014
Javier Ortega Smith-Molina 2014-2022
Ignacio Garriga Vaz de Concicao 2022-
|
VOX was founded on 17 Dec 2013.
 Leaders of UPyD (2007-2020)
|
National Spokespersons
Rosa María Díez González 2007-2015
Andrés Gustavo Herzog Sánchez 2015-2016
Gorka Maneiro Labayen 2016-2017
Cristiano Brown Sansevero 2017-2020
|
UPyD was founded on 29 Sep 2007 and was dissolved on 6 Dec 2020.
 Leaders of EH Bildu
|
General Coordinator
Arnaldo Otegi Mondragon 2017-
Spokespersons in the Basque Parliament
Laura Mintegi Lakarra 2012-2014
Unai Urruzuno Urresti 2014-2016
Maddalen Iriarte Okiñena 2016-2023
Nerea Kortajarena Ibañez 2023-
|
EH Bildu was introduced on 10 Jun 2012 as a coalition of four Basque left-wing nationalist parties: Sortu, Eusko Alkartasuna (EA), Aralar and Alternatiba. Aralar left the coalition in 2017.
 Spokespersons of Compromís
|
Enric Xavier Morera i Català 2012-2016
Mónica Oltra Jarque 2012-2014
Juan Ignacio Ponce Guardiola 2012-
Mireia Mollà i Herrera 2014-2022
Àgueda Micó i Micó 2016-
Aitana Joana Mas i Mas 2022-
|
Compromís was founded on 25 Jan 2010 as a coalition by a three left-wing Valencianist parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc (BNV, then named Més - Compromís), Valencian People's Initiative (IdPV) and The Greens-Ecologist Left of the Valencian Country (EV-EE).
Barcelona en Comú, first named Guanyem Barcelona, was registered on 5 Feb 2015.
 Leaders of CatComú
|
General Coordinator
Francesc Xavier Domènech Sampere 2017-2018
General Coordinators
Ramon Arnabat i Mata 2018-2019
Ada Colau Ballano 2018-2024
Candela López Tagliafico 2018-
Jèssica Albiach Satorres 2019-2024
Gemma Tarafa Orpinell 2024-
|
Catalunya en Comú was founded on 19 Dec 2016.
 Leaders of JxCat
|
Presidents
Carles Valls i Arnó 2020
Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó 2020-2022
Laura Borràs i Castanyer 2022-2024
Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó 2024-
General Secretaries
Jordi Sànchez Picanyol 2020-2022
Jordi Turull i Negre 2022-
|
JxCat was first launched as a member of the coalition Junts per Catalunya (JuntsxCat) on 11 Jul 2018. It was constituted as a party on 4 Oct 2020.
 Leaders of Más País, Más Madrid
|
President of Más País
Íñigo Errejón Galván 2019-2023
Co-Spokespersons of Más Madrid
Pablo Gómez Perpinyà 2020-2023
Manuela Bergerot Uncal 2020-
Mónica García Gómez 2020-
Rita Maestre Fernández 2023-
|
Más País, launched by splinters of Podemos, was first registered on 7 Feb 2019 as Más Madrid, operating only in the Community of Madrid. The party was relaunched as Más País on 30 Sep 2019 to contest the next general elections in Spain. Más País merged into Movimiento Sumar (SMR) on 7 Oct 2023, but leaving Más Madrid as an independent regional-based party.
 Leaders of SMR
|
(De facto) leader
Yolanda Díaz Pérez 2023-2024
General Coordinators
Yolanda Díaz Pérez 2024
Elizabeth Duval +
Txema Guijarro García +
Lara Hernández +
Rosa Martínez Rodríguez 2024- (interim)
President
Marta Irene Lois González 2023-
|
Movimiento Sumar (SMR) was founded as a political party on 31 May 2023; it's the core member of the Sumar Coalition, launched on 9 Jun 2023.
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