Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
Parties and organizations: APODETI: Popular Democratic Association of Timor - CNRM: National Council of Maubere Resistance (pre-independence political umbrella organisation) - CNRT: National Council of Timorese Resistance (CNRM name since 1998, dissolved in 2001) - CNRT: National Congress for Reconstruction of Timor (party, 2007) - FALINTIL: Armed Forces of National Liberation of East Timor - Frenti-Mudança: Front for National Reconstruction of Timor-Leste-Change - FRETILIN: Revolutionary Front of an Independent East Timor - PD: Democratic Party - PLP: People's Liberation Party PSD: Social Democratic Party -UDT: Timorese Democratic Union
 Presidents of the Republic
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Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão 20 May 2002 - 20 May 2007 n/p
José Ramos-Horta 20 May 2007 - 20 May 2012 n/p
Vicente da Silva Guterres 11 Feb 2008 - 13 Feb 2008 CNRT (acting for Ramos-Horta)
Fernando de Araújo 13 Feb 2008 - 17 Apr 2008 (+2015) PD (acting for Ramos-Horta)
Taur Matan Ruak 20 May 2012 - 20 May 2017 n/p
Francisco (Lú-Olo) Guterres 20 May 2017 - 20 May 2022 FRETILIN
José Ramos-Horta 20 May 2022 - CNRT
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| Prime Ministers
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Mari Bim Amude Alkatiri 20 May 2002 - 26 Jun 2006 FRETILIN
José Ramos-Horta 26 Jun 2006 - 19 May 2007 n/p (acting to 10 Jul 2006)
Estanislau da Silva 19 May 2007 - 8 Aug 2007 FRETILIN
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão 8 Aug 2007 - 16 Feb 2015 CNRT
Rui Maria de Araújo 16 Feb 2015 - 15 Sep 2017 FRETILIN
Mari Bim Amude Alkatiri 15 Sep 2017 - 22 Jun 2018 FRETILIN
Taur Matan Ruak 22 Jun 2018 - 1 Jul 2023 PLP
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão 1 Jul 2023 - CNRT
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| Chairmen of the National Parliament
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Francisco (Lú-Olo) Guterres 2002-2007 FRETILIN
Fernando (Lasama) de Araújo 2007-2012 (+2015) PD
Vicente da Silva Guterres 2012-2016 CNRT
Adérito Hugo da Costa 2016-2017 CNRT
Aniceto Longuinhos Guterres Lopes 2017-2018 FRETILIN
Arão Noé da Costa Amaral 2018-2020 CNRT
Aniceto Longuinhos Guterres Lopes 2020-2022 FRETILIN
Maria Fernanda Lay 2022- CNRT
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| Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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José Ramos-Horta 2002-2006 n/p
José Luís Guterres 2006-2007 FRETILIN
Adaljíza Albertina Xavier Reis Magno 2007 FRETILIN (acting)
Zacarias Albano da Costa 2007-2012 PSD
José Luís Guterres 2012-2015 Frenti-Mudança
Hernâni Filomena Maria Coelho da Silva 2015-2017 FRETILIN
Aurélio Sérgio Cristóvão Guterres 2017-2018 FRETILIN
Dionísio da Costa Babo Soares 2018-2020 CNRT
Adaljíza Albertina Xavier Reis Magno 2020-2023 FRETILIN
Bendito dos Santos Freitas 2023- CNRT
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Pre-independence rulers (1975-2002)
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Presidents of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (*)
Francisco Xavier do Amaral 28 Nov 1975 - Sep 1978 (+2012) FRETILIN
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 (+1978) FRETILIN (acting)
Head of Government of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (*)
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato 28 Nov 1975 - 31 Dec 1978 (+1978) FRETILIN
President of the Provisional Government (pro-Indonesian)
Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo 17 Dec 1975 - 17 Jul 1976 (+1988) APODETI
Governors of the Indonesian province of East Timor
Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo 1976 - 1978 (+1988)
Guilherme Maria Gonçalves 1978 - 1983 (+1999)
Mário Viegas Carrascalão 1983 - 11 Sep 1992 (+2017)
Abilio José Osório Soares 11 Sep 1992 - Oct 1999 (+2007)
Head of the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAES) (**)
Sérgio Vieira de Mello 25 Oct 1999 - 20 May 2002 (+2003)
Chief Minister of the II Transitional Government
Marí Bim Amude Alkatiri 20 Sep 2001 - 20 May 2002 FRETILIN
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(*) Self-proclaimed republic, in rebellion against the Indonesian occupation from 7 Dec 1975. The territory was annexed by Indonesia on 17 Jul 1976.
(**) UNTAES was given the military command over the territory from the International Force in East Timor (INTERFET) on 23 Feb 2000. INTERFET took the military control from Indonesian militias and Army between 20 and 27 Sep 1999.
 Leaders of CNRM, CNRT (1987-2001)
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President of the CNRM
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão 1 Jan 1988 - 27 Apr 1998 n/p
Special Representative of the CNRM
José Ramos-Horta 1991 - 27 Apr 1998 n/p
President of the CNRT
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão 27 Apr 1998 - 9 Jun 2001 n/p
Vicepresidents of the CNRT
José Ramos-Horta 27 Apr 1998 - 9 Jun 2001 n/p
Mário Viegas Carrascalão 27 Apr 1998 - 9 Jun 2001 (+2017) UDT/PSD
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The CNRM was launched on 1 Jan 1988 as a multi-party national platform of the Timorese resistance. On 27 Apr 1998 it was replaced by the CNRT, which subsequently was disbanded on 9 Jun 2001 after being constitued (15 Jul 2000) the first Transitional Government of East Timor.
 Commanders-in-Chief of FALINTIL
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Nicolau dos Reis Lobato 20 Aug 1975 - 31 Dec 1978 (+1978)
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão Mar 1981 - 20 Nov 1992
Manecas Mau Huno Nov 1992 - Apr 1993
Nino Konis Santana Apr 1993 - 11 Mar 1998 (+1998)
Taur Matan Ruak Mar 1998 - 1 Feb 2001
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The FALINTIL were founded on 20 Aug 1975 as the military arm of the FRETILIN party. When the CNRM was established in 1988, the FALINTIL were declared their non-partisan military branch. The FALINTIL were disbanded on 1 Feb 2001 to become the core of the new East Timor National Defence force, to operate under UN control until the independence.
 | © Copyright ZPC, Roberto Ortiz de Zárate, 1996-2023
URL of this page: http://zarate.eu/timor.htm | E-mail: zpc@zarate.eu |
