| Leaders of Czechoslovakia (Czechoslovak Socialist / Federal Republic, 1948-1990 Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, 1990-1992) |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
Also visit a detailed page on Czechoslovak Governments from 1988 to 1992 to know more about the ruling parties. For data since 1 Jan 1993, see the Czech and Slovak republics.
Parties: CSNS: Czechoslovak National Socialist Party (since 1948 called Czechoslovak Socialist Party, CSS, member of the KSC-led National Front) - KSC: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia - CSL: Czechoslovak People's Party (member of the National Front since 1948, renamed Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party, KDU-CSL, in 1989) - CSDSD: Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party of Workers (merged into KSC in Jun 1948, refounded as Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party, CSSD, in 1990) - ODS: Civic Democratic Party - OF: Civic Forum - VPN: Public Against Violence - ODU-VPN: Civic Democratic Union - KDH: Christian Democratic Movement - HZDS: Movement for a Democratic Slovakia - SDSS: Social Democratic Party of Slovakia - OH: Civic Movement - DS: Democratic Party
Presidents of the Republic
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Edvard Benes 3 Apr 1945 - 7 Jun 1948 (†1948) CSNS (1)
Klement Gottwald 7 Jun 1948 - 14 Mar 1953 (†1953) KSC (acting to 14 Jun 1948)
Antonín Zápotocký 14 Mar 1953 - 13 Nov 1957 (†1957) KSC (acting to 21 Mar 1953)
Víliám Siroký 13 Nov 1957 - 19 Nov 1957 (†1971) KSC (acting)
Antonín Novotný 19 Nov 1957 - 22 Mar 1968 (†1975) KSC
Jozef Lénart 22 Mar 1968 - 30 Mar 1968 (†2004) KSC (acting)
Ludvík Svoboda 30 Mar 1968 - 29 May 1975 (†1979) KSC
Gustáv Husák 29 May 1975 - 10 Dec 1989 (†1991) KSC
Marián Calfa 10 Dec 1989 - 29 Dec 1989 KSC (acting)
Václav Havel 29 Dec 1989 - 20 Jul 1992 (†2011) OF (2)
Jan Stráský 20 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 (†2019) ODS (acting)
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(1) Benes was a member of CSNS only from 1923 to 1935.
(2) In Apr 1991 OF split into ODS, the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) and the Civic Movement (OH).
Prime Ministers
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Jan Srámek 21 Jul 1940 - 4 Apr 1945 (†1956) CSL (3)
Zdenek Fierlinger 4 Apr 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 (†1976) CSDSD
Klement Gottwald 3 Jul 1946 - 15 Jun 1948 (†1953) KSC
Antonín Zápotocký 15 Jun 1948 - 21 Mar 1953 (†1957) KSC
Víliám Siroký 21 Mar 1953 - 22 Sep 1963 (†1971) KSC
Jozef Lénart 22 Sep 1963 - 4 Apr 1968 (†2004) KSC
Oldrich Cerník 4 Apr 1968 - 28 Jan 1970 (†1994) KSC
Lubomír Strougal 28 Jan 1970 - 11 Oct 1988 (†2023) KSC
Ladislav Adamec 11 Oct 1988 - 10 Dec 1989 (†2007) KSC
Marián Calfa 10 Dec 1989 - 1 Jul 1992 KSC, VPN, ODU-VPN (4)
Jan Stráský 1 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 (†2019) ODS
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(3) Prime minister of the London-based Government in exile.
(4) On 18 Jan 1990 M. Calfa left the KSC to join VPN, the Slovak partner of the Czech-based OF. Following the desintegration of VPN in Apr 1991 he became a leading member of ODU-VPN.
Leaders of the KSC
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General Secretaries
Klement Gottwald 23 Feb 1929 - Apr 1945 (†1953)
Rudolf Slanský Apr 1945 - 6 Sep 1951 (†1952)
Chairmen
Klement Gottwald Mar 1946 - 14 Mar 1953 (†1953)
Antonín Novotný 14 Mar 1953 - 5 Sep 1953 (†1975)
First Secretaries
Antonín Novotný 5 Sep 1953 - 5 Jan 1968 (†1975)
Alexander Dubcek 5 Jan 1968 - 17 Apr 1969 (†1992)
Gustáv Husák 17 Apr 1969 - 29 May 1971 (†1991)
General Secretaries
Gustáv Husák 29 May 1971 - 17 Dec 1987 (†1991)
Milos Jakes 17 Dec 1987 - 24 Nov 1989 (†2020)
Karel Urbánek 24 Nov 1989 - 20 Dec 1989
Chairman
Ladislav Adamec 20 Dec 1989 - 1 Sep 1990 (†2007)
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Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Jan Masaryk 1945-1948 (†1948) n/p
Vladimír Clementis 1948-1950 (†1952) KSC
Víliám Siroký 1950-1953 (†1971) KSC
Václav David 1953-1968 (†1996) KSC
Jirí Hájek 1968 (†1993) KSC
Oldrich Cerník 1968 (†1994) KSC (acting)
Václav Pleskot 1968 (†2012) KSC (acting)
Ján Marko 1969-1971 KSC
Bohuslav Chnoupek 1971-1988 (†2004) KSC
Jaromír Johanes 1988-1989 KSC
Jirí Dienstbier 1989-1992 (†2011) OF, OH
Jozef Moravcík 1992 HZDS
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Ministers of Defence
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Ludvík Svoboda 1945-1950 (†1979) KSC, military
Alexej Cepicka 1950-1956 (†1990) KSC, military
Bohumír Lomský 1956-1968 (†1982) KSC, military
Martin Dzúr 1968-1985 (†1985) KSC, military
Milán Václavík 1985-1989 (†2007) KSC, military
Miroslav Vacek 1989-1990 KSC, military
Luboš Dobrovský 1990-1992 (†2020) OF
Imrich Andrejcák 1992 (†2018) HZDS
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Ministers of the Interior
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Václav Nosek 1945-1953 (†1955) KSC
Rudolf Barák 1953-1951 (†1995) KSC
Lubomír Strougal 1961-1965 (†2023) KSC
Josef Kudrna 1965-1968 (†1989) KSC
Josef Pavel 1968 (†1973) KSC
Jan Pelnár 1968-1970 (†1982) KSC
Radko Kaska 1970-1973 (†1973) KSC
Jaromír Obzina 1973-1983 (†2003) KSC
Vratislav Vajnar 1983-1988 KSC
Frantisek Kincl 1988-1989 KSC
Frantisek Pinc 1989 KSC
Richard Sacher 1989-1990 (†2014) KDU-CSL
Ján Langos 1990-1992 (†2006) DS
Petr Cermák 1992 ODS
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Chairmen of the Parliament
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National Assembly
Josef David 1945-1946 (†1968) CSNS
Antonín Zápotocký 1946 (†1957) KSC
Josef David 1946-1948 (†1968) CSNS
Oldrich John 1948-1953 (†1961) KSC
Zdenek Fierlinger 1953-1964 (†1976) KSC
Bohuslav Lastovicka 1964-1968 (†1981) KSC
Josef Smrkovský 1968-1969 (†1974) KSC
Federal Assembly
Peter Colotka 1969 (†2019) KSC
Alexandr Dubcek 1969 (†1992) KSC
Dalibor Hanes 1969-1971 (†2007) KSC
Alois Indra 1971-1989 (†1990) KSC
Stanislav Kukrál 1989 (†2003) n/p
Alexander Dubcek 1989-1992 (†1992) VPN, SDSS (5)
Michal Kovác 1992 (†2016) HZDS
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(5) Dubcek was member of VPN until the its desintegration in Apr 1991. In Mar 1992 he joined and became chairman of the party SDSS (see Czech Republic).
Premiers of the Czech Republic
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Stanislav Rázl 1969 (†1999) KSC
Josef Kempný 1969-1970 (†1996) KSC
Josef Korcák 1970-1987 (†2008) KSC
Ladislav Adamec 1987-1988 (†2007) KSC
Frantisek Pitra 1988-1990 KSC
Petr Pithart 1990-1992 OF, OH
Václav Klaus 1992-1993 ODS
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Premiers of the Slovak Republic
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Stefan Sádovský 1969 (†1984) KSC
Peter Colotka 1969-1988 (†2019) KSC
Ivan Knotek 1988-1989 KSC
Pavol Hrivnák 1989 (†1995) KSC
Milán Cic 1989-1990 (†2012) KSC, VPN
Vladimír Meciar 1990-1991 VPN
Ján Carnogurský 1991-1992 KDH
Vladimír Meciar 1992-1993 HZDS
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Chairmen of the Czech National Council
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Cestmír Císar 1968-1969 (†2013) KSC
Evzen Erban 1969-1981 (†1994) KSC
Josef Kempný 1981-1989 (†1996) KSC
Jaroslav Safarík 1989-1990 CSS
Dagmar Buresová 1990-1992 (†2018) OF, OH
Milan Uhde 1992-1993 ODS
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Chairmen of the Slovak National Council
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Jozef Lettrich 1945-1948 (†1968) DS
Karol Smidke 1948-1950 (†1952) KSC
Frantisek Kubac 1950-1958 (†1958) KSC
Ludovít Benada 1958-1960 (†1973) KSC
Rudolf Strechaj 1960-1962 (†1962) KSC
Jozef Lénart 1962-1963 (†2004) KSC
Michal Chudík 1963-1968 (†2005) KSC
Ondrej Klokoc 1968-1975 (†1975) KSC
Viliam Salgovic 1975-1989 (†1990) KCC
Rudolf Schuster 1989-1990 KSC, n/p
Frantisek Miklosko 1990-1992 VPN, KDH
Ivan Gasparovic 1992-1993 HZDS
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