 | Leaders of the European Communities and the European Union |
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Organizational acronyms: CFSP: Common Foreign and Security Policy ECB: European Central Bank EEC: European Economic Community ECSC: High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community EEC: European Economic Community EMI: European Monetary Institute Euratom: European Atomic Energy Community; FASP: Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
See also the 27 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden
Presidents Jean Rey 1 Jul 1967 - 1 Jul 1970 (†1983) Belgium Franco Maria Malfatti 2 Jul 1970 - 22 Mar 1972 (†1991) Italy Sicco Mansholt 22 Mar 1972 - 5 Jan 1973 (†1995) Netherlands François-Xavier Ortoli 9 Jan 1973 - 5 Jan 1977 (†2007) France Roy Harris Jenkins 11 Jan 1977 - 5 Jan 1981 (†2003) United Kingdom Gaston Thorn 12 Jan 1981 - 5 Jan 1985 (†2007) Luxembourg Jacques Delors 15 Jan 1985 - 5 Jan 1995 (†2023) France Jacques Santer 24 Jan 1995 - 14 Jul 1999 Luxembourg (caretaker since 16 Mar 1999) Manuel Marín González 14 Jul 1999 - 15 Sep 1999 (†2017) Spain (acting) Romano Prodi 15 Sep 1999 - 22 Nov 2004 Italy José Manuel Durão Barroso 22 Nov 2004 - 1 Nov 2014 Portugal Jean-Claude Juncker 1 Nov 2014 - 1 Dec 2019 Luxembourg Ursula von der Leyen 1 Dec 2019 - Germany First Vice Presidents Margot Wallström 22 Nov 2004 – 9 Feb 2010 Sweden Catherine Ashton 9 Feb 2010 - 1 Nov 2014 United Kingdom Frans Timmermans 1 Nov 2014 - 1 Dec 2019 Netherlands Executive Vice Presidents Frans Timmermans 1 Dec 2019 - 22 Aug 2023 Netherlands Margrethe Vestager 1 Dec 2019 - 1 Dec 2024 Denmark Valdis Dombrovskis 1 Dec 2019 - 1 Dec 2024 Latvia Maros Sefcovic 22 Aug 2023 - 1 Dec 2024 Slovakia Teresa Ribera Rodríguez 1 Dec 2024 - Spain Henna Virkkunen 1 Dec 2024 - Finland Stéphane Séjourné 1 Dec 2024 - France Roxana Mînzatu 1 Dec 2024 - Romania Raffaele Fitto 1 Dec 2024 - Italy(*) Merged European Communities and European Union.
Common Assembly of the ECSC Paul Henri Spaak 10 Sep 1952 - 11 May 1954 (†1972) Belgium Alcide De Gasperi 11 May 1954 - 19 Aug 1954 (†1954) Italy Giuseppe Pella 29 Nov 1954 - 27 Nov 1956 (†1981) Italy Hans Furler 27 Nov 1956 - 19 Mar 1958 (†1975) Germany European Parliamentary Assembly Robert Schuman 19 Mar 1958 - 28 Mar 1960 (†1963) France Hans Furler 28 Mar 1960 - 27 Mar 1962 (†1975) Germany Appointed European Parliament Gaetano Martino 27 Mar 1962 - 21 Mar 1964 (†1967) Italy Jean-Pierre Duvieusart 21 Mar 1964 - 24 Sep 1965 (†1977) Belgium Victor Leemans 24 Sep 1965 - 7 Mar 1966 (†1971) Belgium Alain Poher 7 Mar 1966 - 11 Mar 1969 (†1996) France Mario Scelba 11 Mar 1969 - 9 Mar 1971 (†1991) Italy Walter Behrendt 9 Mar 1971 - 13 Mar 1973 (†1997) Germany Cornelis Berkhouwer 13 Mar 1973 - 11 Mar 1975 (†1992) Netherlands Georges Spénale 11 Mar 1975 - 8 Mar 1977 (†1983) France Emilio Colombo 8 Mar 1977 - 17 Jul 1979 (†2013) Italy Elected European Parliament Simone Veil 17 Jul 1979 - 19 Jan 1982 (†2017) France Piet Dankert 19 Jan 1982 - 24 Jul 1984 (†2003) Netherlands Pierre Pflimlin 24 Jul 1984 - 20 Jan 1987 (†2000) France Henry Plumb 20 Jan 1987 - 25 Jul 1989 (†2022) United Kingdom Enrique Barón Crespo 25 Jul 1989 - 14 Jan 1992 Spain Egon Klepsch 14 Jan 1992 - 19 Jul 1994 (†2010) Germany Klaus Hänsch 19 Jul 1994 - 14 Jan 1997 Germany José María Gil-Robles 14 Jan 1997 - 20 Jul 1999 (†2023) Spain Nicole Fontaine 20 Jul 1999 - 15 Jan 2002 (†2018) France Patrick (Pat) Cox 15 Jan 2002 - 20 Jul 2004 Ireland Josep Borrell Fontelles 20 Jul 2004 - 16 Jan 2007 Spain Hans-Gert Pöttering 16 Jan 2007 - 14 Jul 2009 Germany Jerzy Buzek 14 Jul 2009 - 17 Jan 2012 Poland Martin Schulz 17 Jan 2012 - 17 Jan 2017 Germany Antonio Tajani 17 Jan 2017 - 3 Jul 2019 Italy David Sassoli 3 Jul 2019 - 11 Jan 2022 (†2022) Italy Roberta Metsola 11 Jan 2022 - Malta (acting to 18 Jan 2022)(*) From 1952 to 1958 a Common Assembly existed as representative of the national parliaments of the ECSC's six constituent States. In 1958 the organ was upgraded to Parliamentary Assembly to cover the other two European Communities, the EEC and the Euratom. In 1962 it was renamed to the European Parliament.
Council of the European Communities Charles de Gaulle 1 Jan 1968 - 30 Jun 1968 (†1970) France Mariano Rumor 1 Jul 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 (†1990) Italy Pierre Werner 1 Jan 1969 - 30 Jun 1969 (†2002) Luxembourg Piet de Jong 1 Jul 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 (†2016) Netherlands Gaston Eyskens 1 Jan 1970 - 30 Jun 1970 (†1988) Belgium Willy Brandt 1 Jul 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 (†1992) Germany Georges Pompidou 1 Jan 1971 - 30 Jun 1971 (†1974) France Emilio Colombo 1 Jul 1971 - 31 Dec 1971 (†2013) Italy Pierre Werner 1 Jan 1972 - 30 Jun 1972 (†2002) Luxembourg Barend Biesheuvel 1 Jul 1972 - 31 Dec 1972 (†2001) Netherlands Gaston Eyskens 1 Jan 1973 - 26 Jan 1973 (†1988) Belgium Edmond Leburton 26 Jan 1973 - 30 Jun 1973 (†1997) Belgium Anker Jørgensen 1 Jul 1973 - 18 Dec 1973 (†2016) Denmark Poul Hartling 18 Dec 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 (†2000) Denmark Willy Brandt 1 Jan 1974 - 7 May 1974 (†1992) Germany Walter Scheel 7 May 1974 - 16 May 1974 (†2016) Germany Helmut Schmidt 16 May 1974 - 30 Jun 1974 (†2015) Germany Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 1 Jul 1974 - 31 Dec 1974 (†2020) France Liam Cosgrave 1 Jan 1975 - 30 Jun 1975 (†2017) Ireland Aldo Moro 1 Jul 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 (†1978) Italy Gaston Thorn 1 Jan 1976 - 30 Jun 1976 (†2007) Luxembourg Joop den Uyl 1 Jul 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 (†1987) Netherlands James Callaghan 1 Jan 1977 - 30 Jun 1977 (†2005) United Kingdom Léo Tindemans 1 Jul 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 (†2014) Belgium Anker Jørgensen 1 Jan 1978 - 30 Jun 1978 (†2016) Denmark Helmut Schmidt 1 Jul 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 (†2015) Germany Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1979 (†2020) France Jack Lynch 1 Jul 1979 - 11 Dec 1979 (†1999) Ireland Charles Haughey 11 Dec 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 (†2006) Ireland Francesco Cossiga 1 Jan 1980 - 30 Jun 1980 (†2010) Italy Pierre Werner 1 Jul 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 (†2002) Luxembourg Andries van Agt 1 Jan 1981 - 30 Jun 1981 (†2024) Netherlands Margaret Thatcher 1 Jul 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 (†2013) United Kingdom Wilfried Martens 1 Jan 1982 - 30 Jun 1982 (†2013) Belgium Anker Jørgensen 1 Jul 1982 - 10 Sep 1982 (†2016) Denmark Poul Schlüter 10 Sep 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 (†2021) Denmark Helmut Kohl 1 Jan 1983 - 30 Jun 1983 (†2017) Germany Andreas Papandreou 1 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 (†1996) Greece François Mitterrand 1 Jan 1984 - 30 Jun 1984 (†1996) France Garret FitzGerald 1 Jul 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 (†2011) Ireland Bettino Craxi 1 Jan 1985 - 30 Jun 1985 (†2000) Italy Jacques Santer 1 Jul 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Luxembourg Ruud Lubbers 1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986 (†2018) Netherlands Margaret Thatcher 1 Jul 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 (†2013) United Kingdom Wilfried Martens 1 Jan 1987 - 30 Jun 1987 (†2013) Belgium Poul Schlüter 1 Jul 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 (†2021) Denmark Helmut Kohl 1 Jan 1988 - 30 Jun 1988 (†2017) Germany Andreas Papandreou 1 Jul 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 (†1996) Greece Felipe González Márquez 1 Jan 1989 - 30 Jun 1989 Spain François Mitterrand 1 Jul 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 (†1996) France Charles Haughey 1 Jan 1990 - 30 Jun 1990 (†2006) Ireland Giulio Andreotti 1 Jul 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 (†2013) Italy Jacques Santer 1 Jan 1991 - 30 Jun 1991 Luxembourg Ruud Lubbers 1 Jul 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 (†2018) Netherlands Aníbal Cavaco Silva 1 Jan 1992 - 30 Jun 1992 Portugal Jonh Major 1 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 United Kingdom Poul Schlüter 1 Jan 1993 - 25 Jan 1993 (†2021) Denmark Poul Nyrup Rasmussen 25 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun 1993 Denmark Jean-Luc Dehaene 1 Jul 1993 - 31 Oct 1993 (†2014) Belgium European Council Jean-Luc Dehaene 1 Nov 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 (†2014) Belgium Andreas Papandreou 1 Jan 1994 - 30 Jun 1994 (†1996) Greece Helmut Kohl 1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 (†2017) Germany François Mitterrand 1 Jan 1995 - 17 May 1995 (†1996) France Jacques Chirac 17 May 1995 - 30 Jun 1995 (†2019) France Felipe González Márquez 1 Jul 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Spain Lamberto Dini 1 Jan 1996 - 18 May 1996 Italy Romano Prodi 18 May 1996 - 30 Jun 1996 Italy John Bruton 1 Jul 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 (†2024) Ireland Wim Kok 1 Jan 1997 - 30 Jun 1997 (†2018) Netherlands Jean-Claude Juncker 1 Jul 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Luxembourg Tony Blair 1 Jan 1998 - 30 Jun 1998 United Kingdom Viktor Klima 1 Jul 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Austria Gerhard Schröder 1 Jan 1999 - 30 Jun 1999 Germany Paavo Lipponen 1 Jul 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Finland António Guterres 1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2000 Portugal Jacques Chirac 1 Jul 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 (†2019) France Göran Persson 1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2001 Sweden Guy Verhofstadt 1 Jul 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Belgium José María Aznar López 1 Jan 2002 - 30 Jun 2002 Spain Anders Fogh Rasmussen 1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Denmark Kostas Simitis 1 Jan 2003 - 30 Jun 2003 (†2025) Greece Silvio Berlusconi 1 Jul 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 (†2023) Italy Bertie Ahern 1 Jan 2004 - 30 Jun 2004 Ireland Jean-Peter Balkenende 1 Jul 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Netherlands Jean-Claude Juncker 1 Jan 2005 - 30 Jun 2005 Luxembourg Tony Blair 1 Jul 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 United Kingdom Wolfgang Schüssel 1 Jan 2006 - 30 Jun 2006 Austria Matti Vanhanen 1 Jul 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Finland Angela Merkel 1 Jan 2007 - 30 Jun 2007 Germany José Sócrates 1 Jul 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Portugal Janez Jansa 1 Jan 2008 - 30 Jun 2008 Slovenia Nicolas Sarkozy 1 Jul 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 France Mirek Topolánek 1 Jan 2009 - 9 Apr 2009 Czech Republic Jan Fischer 9 Apr 2009 - 30 Jun 2009 Czech Republic Fredrik Reinfeldt 1 Jul 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Sweden
Herman Van Rompuy 1 Dec 2009 - 1 Dec 2014 Belgium Donald Tusk 1 Dec 2014 - 1 Dec 2019 Poland Charles Michel 1 Dec 2019 - 1 Dec 2024 Belgium António Costa 1 Dec 2024 - Portugal
Javier Solana Madariaga 18 Oct 1999 - 1 Dec 2009 Spain
Catherine Ashton 1 Dec 2009 - 1 Nov 2014 United Kingdom Federica Mogherini 1 Nov 2014 - 1 Dec 2019 Italy Josep Borrell Fontelles 1 Dec 2019 - 1 Dec 2024 Spain Kaja Kallas 1 Dec 2024 - Estonia
Alexandre Lamfalussy 1 Jan 1994 - 30 Jun 1997 (†2015) Belgium Wim Duisenberg 1 Jul 1997 - 31 May 1998 (†2005) Netherlands
Presidents Wim Duisenberg 1 Jun 1998 - 31 Oct 2003 (†2005) Netherlands Jean-Claude Trichet 1 Nov 2003 - 31 Oct 2011 France Mario Draghi 1 Nov 2011 - 31 Oct 2019 Italy Christine Lagarde 1 Nov 2019 - France Vice Presidents Christian Noyer 1 Jul 1998 – 29 May 2002 France Loukas Papademos 31 May 2002 – 31 May 2010 Greece Vítor Constâncio 1 Jun 2010 - 31 May 2018 Portugal Luis de Guindos Jurado 1 Jun 2019 - Spain
Jean-Claude Juncker 1 Jan 2005 - 21 Jan 2013 Luxembourg Jeroen Dijsselbloem 21 Jan 2013 - 12 Jan 2018 Netherlands Mário Centeno 12 Jan 2018 - 13 Jul 2020 Portugal Paschal Donohoe 13 Jul 2020 - Ireland
Pietro Campilli 13 Feb 1958 - 31 May 1959 (†1974) Italy Paride Formentini 1 Jun 1959 - 9 Sep 1970 (†1976) Italy Yves Le Portz 10 Sep 1970 - 31 Jul 1984 (†2013) France Ernst-Günther Bröder 1 Aug 1984 - 31 Mar 1993 (†2013) Germany Brian Unwin 1 Apr 1993 - 31 Dic 1999 United Kingdom Philippe Maystadt 1 Ene 2000 - 31 Dic 2011 (†2017) Belgium Werner Hoyer 1 Ene 2012 - 31 Dic 2023 Germany Nadia Calviño Santamaría 1 Ene 2024 - Spain
Walter Hallstein 31 Jan 1958 - 30 Jun 1967 (†1982) Germany
Jean Monnet 10 Aug 1952 - 1 Jun 1955 (†1979) France René Mayer 1 Jun 1955 - 7 Jan 1958 (†1972) France Paul Finet 7 Jan 1958 - 11 Sep 1959 (†1965) Belgium Piero Malvestiti 11 Sep 1959 - 5 Nov 1963 (†1964) Italy Rinaldo Del Bo 5 Nov 1963 - 1 Mar 1967 (†1991) Italy Albert Coppé 1 Mar 1967 - 30 Jun 1967 (†1999) Belgium (acting)
Louis Armand 7 Jan 1958 - 2 Feb 1959 (†1971) France Étienne Hirsch 2 Feb 1959 - 10 Jan 1962 (†1994) France Pierre Chatenet 10 Jan 1962 - 30 Jun 1967 (†1997) France
Massimo Pilotti 4 Dec 1952 – 6 Oct 1958 (†1962) Italy Andreas Matthias Donner 7 Oct 1958 - 7 Oct 1964 (†1992) Netherlands Charles-Léon Hammes 8 Oct 1964 - 9 Oct 1967 (†1967) Luxembourg Robert Lecourt 10 Oct 1967 - 6 Oct 1976 (†2004) France Hans Kutscher 7 Oct 1976 - 30 Oct 1980 (†1993) Germany Josse Mertens de Wilmars 30 Oct 1980 - 9 Abr 1984 (†2002) Belgium Alexander Mackenzie Stuart 10 Abr 1984 - 6 Oct 1988 (†2000) United Kingdom Ole Due 7 Oct 1988 - 6 Oct 1994 (†2005) Denmark Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias 7 Oct 1994 - 6 Oct 2003 (†2019) Spain Vassilios Skouris 7 Oct 2003 - 7 Oct 2015 Greece Koen Lenaerts 8 Oct 2015 - Belgium
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